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Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Project description
• Project type design
  • Organizational chart
  • User analysis
• Pre design investigation
  • Existing building history
  • Structural system
  • Distribution system
  • Integrated design practices
  • Contextual data & global context implications
• Post occupancy evaluations
• Site visit
• Schematics
  • Goals, objective
  • Design concept
  • Inspirations
  • Adjacency matrix
  • Bubble diagram
  • Block diagram
  • Experience
  • Ideation sketches
• Synthesized program statement
• Meeting minutes
  • Questions and responses
• Elements and principle of designs
• Principles & concepts
  • Universal design
  • ADA
  • Anthropometrics & Ergonomics
  • Proxemics
  • Natural and artificial lighting
  • Color
  • Acoustics
  • Indoor air quality
  • Sustainability
• Budget
• Industry specific regulation
• Zoning
• Laws, codes and standards
• Building diagrams
• Works cited pages

List of figures

Fig (1): Front elevation view of the building proposed in this report

Fig (2): Isometric elevation view of the building proposed in this report

Fig (3): All the interior views are shown in this bunch of figure from different positions for different positions

Fig (4): Organizational chart to be follow for the research purpose.

Fig (5): 1^st floor (Plan)

Fig (6): 2^nd floor (Plan)

Fig (7): 3^rd floor (Plan)

Fig (8): Circulation diagram of the new floor plan

Fig (9): Different side elevation view of the building

Fig (10, 11, 12): From parking floor to the top floor plan of the building with the positions of the columns for visualization of the structural parts of the existing building

Fig (13): Typical HVAC system of a building

Fig (14): Plumbing arrangement of a building

Fig (15): Integrated design process flow concept

Fig (16): Adjacency matrix

Fig (17): Bubble diagram of the floor plan

Fig (18): Block diagram of the floor plan

Fig (19): Ideation sketches of the floor plan

Fig (20): Process undertaken for designing purpose

Fig (21): Ground floor plan

Fig (22): Ground floor plan

List of tables

Table (1): Seismic load characteristics in different buildings X direction Shear

Table (2): Seismic load characteristics in different buildings Y direction Shear

Table (3): Wall and door rating on fire

Introduction:

Here in this report we are going to make a clear and detail analysis on the context of the designing schemes and the architectural analysis for various aspects to find out the current behavior of an existing building. Since, we have already chosen a building for this kind of assessment it is very easy to all of us for evaluating the various design aspects and the current status of the building for its usage. The main reason behind it is, we have the physical model of the building on which we can also perform some kind of physical survey and investigation. What about the model of the existing building, its various design validation, general terms related to the sustainability of it everything covered in this report? Not only the basic considerations are covered in this report we have also performed so many analysis and application methodologies used in such kind of works to make a handy documentary. Project design report, pre design investigation post occupancy investigation, site visit, design schematics, principal of designs, budget report each and everything is completely elaborated with proper methodologies and proper process.

For the part of the project description we have stated the model client, type of the building the actual location of the building, and so many related things .in the project design report we have described the organizational chart user analysis and the analysis on those topics with their application clearly. The post occupancy evaluation contains the various aspects of the design concepts of the existing building these are basically the site visit, schematics of the existing building with al all of its designs and internal figures so that we can make the adjacent matrix diagram, bubble diagram, block diagrams on it. In the pre design investigation the evaluation is completely based on the existing building history, structural drawings and their simulations with the help of dome software tools to show the sustainability of the building structure. We have also included the conventional design practices for such kind of projects. Since it is all about the design methodology we have to consider the electrical organization and the overall plumbing arrangements of the existing building for better understanding on it. It’s all about the introduction of the report as we enter in the main topics discussed in this report definitely we will be able to get a clear view on the exact topic and the importance of such kind of investigation.

Project Description:

The project description states a lot about the initial part and general methodology we are following for this report. It sates the important variables are to be taken into consideration for investing something on a building. The design parameters; the type of the building, how it looks like, what about its location plays an important role for the selection of any building for any particular purpose. As an example we can say if there is a shopping mall is to be construct somewhere but the locality is completely vacant in terms of population I mean to say the mall is situated so far from the population then we can say easily there is no need of such kind of building on that place because on some day it might be a failure project. So, these kinds of guide lines are taken for consideration in every construction for commercial usage. So we need to check thoroughly the actual position that will say us the usability of it. What about the floor plans and the interiors and the type of the building everything is there in this part of the report?

At the time off making any proposal for a building to someone for its usage this requirement is stated above very much necessary so that the client can have a look virtually on the given structure and can get all related details on it. The building we are considering here in this report is named as “Framingham Summit Office Building” and the actual location of the building is 11 Pleasant St. Connector Framingham, MA. The overall dimension of the building is all about 7793 sq ft for each floor of the building if we consider the three floors of the building then it will be about a space of 23379 sq ft of area, which can be considered as a buildup area of the building. Since, it was basically constructed for the purpose of office usage building so the entire part of the building interior is completely well decorated and the inner part do the whole building is vacant for its usability and the ease of making any temporary partition as per the user requirements.  The building was constructed on the year of 2000 and till now only a single used this building for their office usage that is why the interior parts of the building is completely well maintained without any damage on the inner walls as well as on the floors. The external parts of the building were maintained too for the ease of lighting from the sunlight, the reason behind it is the external walling parts are made of complete glossy glass panels so a complete day light can be experienced in to the building. Not only for the usage, will help the client also for the reduction of the consumption of electricity. For such kind of general terminology, we can assume the condition of the existing building. At the time of construction of the building some another thing are also taken into consideration like the ventilation of the overall building, for that reason on the outside glass paneling there are so many ducts are constructed like foldable glass windows. If we can have a look on the exterior and the interior parts of the building, then only we can get the clearest assumption on it. That is why we have given some figures here in this part of the report for both the exterior and the interior of the building.

Fig (1): Front elevation view of the building proposed in this report

 

Fig (2): Isometric elevation view of the building proposed in this report

 

Fig (3): All the interior views are shown in this bunch of figure from different positions for different positions

Since it is a three storied building and the spaces are given on each floor are so wide that is why for an office usage purpose it might be the best option for all. There are so many advantages are incorporated to this particular building these are stated below,

• On the bottom of the ground floor there is a wide area almost about the same size as the floor size given for each floor is kept for the parking purpose for individual vehicles.
• Elevator is provided in the building for the easy accessibility of different floors of the building as per requirement.
• Along with the front side elevator there is also a staircase provided for the general purpose usage.
• Instead of the availability of the front side elevator and staircase an extra staircase is also there in the building at the back side end corner of this particular building, these will be clear later when we will have a look on the overall floor plan.
• For the exterior parts of the building we can observe glossy glass paneling is done for most of the external part for the betterment of the day lighting.
• If we observe the interior parts of the building on the above figures we can see a sufficient amount of lighting is there at day time due to the glossy glass paneling throughout the external wall.

These all are the general things are stated as some advantages of the building. Later on after a detail observation on the floor plan of the building and all its researches this thing will be clearer to the reader of this report.

Project Type and Design Research:

In this part of the report a throughout research is carried out on the basis of various aspects of the building so that we can understand the different techniques and methodologies for such kind of construction works and their evaluation on different scenarios.

• Organizational chart

On the context of the research parameters on the topic of architectural design and evaluating the proper methodologies it is very important to follow the organizational chart. The organizational chart of any research on the context of building evaluation says the overall design, construction usage of the building. It can be made on various aspects like an organizational chart can show us the overall proceedings and methodologies for a research. An organizational chart can say something about the various physical parts of the building and the nature of their proceedings. So in this part of the report we have included some of the organizational charts which can give us the research proceedings, building physical nature proceedings and so many things we have from these. The research can be followed such a way that we can cover all the theoretical as well as practical parameters related to the existing building. When we wants to make some of this kind of research then an organizational chart can be followed to complete the investigation on a easiest way and with proper effectiveness. As per our own requirements we have formed our organizational chart to carry out everything step by step.

Fig (4): Organizational chart to be follow for the research purpose.

As we have divided the entire research section in to three parts these are structural parts, accessibility to different parts of the building and the interior/ exterior part. On the research this all parts will be followed on such manner showed in the above diagram. The structural part consists of columns, beams, walling and the floor plan. The accessibility part consists of the detail about the various spaces in the building how to access them is stated in the chart as well we have discussed them too on the design part. The third most part is the interior and the exterior part of the building we have taken into consideration for our case study.

If we follow the organizational chart thoroughly for the research then it will be very good for us as well as to the reader to understand everything without complexity. This is the need of the organizational chart for research purpose of an existing architectural building for its evaluation.

This part of the report says a lot about the research. The first part about the structural part of the building we can see easily the positions of the columns for the building, we can see the beams on the building and also in the physical images of the building we can check the walls externally as well as internally those are also given in this part of the report.

The accessibility of different parts of the building is also an important thing for the usage of a building. And we can see on the floor plan the accessibility is quite better for this building a front side elevator and staircase is there for going to the upper floors also there is an another staircase available on the backside end corner of the building are shown in the floor plan. So if we can check the accessibility of the different parts of the building starting from the parking to the top floor then it will be quite easy to us to form the circulation diagram for the flow of movement into the building. These are the reasons why we should follow the steps like we have discussed in the organizational chart.

Fig (5): 1^st floor (Plan)

Fig (7): 3^rd floor (Plan)

• User analysis:

If a client is going to construct a building for some reason, then the most important thing is to make sure the building meets all the purposes. So if we are making a report for the various usability of the existing building and need to present a report to them in is necessary that the requirements are meeting properly. What is the purpose of the building that might be a shopping mall, that might be a library, can also be an office, a bank and so on? It is completely depending on the user of the building. Along with the additional research it should be also check whether for each purpose it can help the user or there are hectic manners are coming for the users in process flow for their working.

For this purpose, we need to state the circulation diagram for different kind of usage of the existing building. The circulation diagram is one of the most important topics for creating a path way for the public usage of the different passages in the building. The circulation diagram is basically a process flow diagram or a public walking flow path into a building. It shows the different passages for public movement like the spaces like entrance, staircase, elevator, free passages, and exits of the building. If we can make a circulation diagram, then it can be seen by various clients and can help a lot for the choosing purposes in different purposes.

Fig (8): Circulation diagram of the new floor plan

Pre design Investigation:

The pre design investigation is based on the design concepts of the buildings to identify the behavior of the building in different aspects. When, we need to design a layout of a building before construction. At that time some kind of investigations are very much necessary for the sustainable design of the building. The basic investigations are needed for understanding the actual behavior pattern for a past long time by which we may know the exact behavior of the different dynamic natural calamities and these are to be considering properly before designing of a building. All those details are stated below,

• Existing building history:

For the determination of the different historic situations our main motive is to make sure the existing buildings are strong enough to sustain various dynamic conditions generally earth quake. The only reason is to identify the general behavior of the building on seismic loads and is there any defect in the building occurs or not on the previous days or not. For such identification we need to check the seismic loading condition on the existing building.

Since we do not have the exact data of the building we are using in this report that is why the calculations are done but the main thing is to determine their sustainable properties as a assumption by comparing different structural buildings we have and the published report for the results of all them on these kind of historical seismic loading condition. Along with all of them we can say from the construction time of the building till now the usage was a office use only for the building and that can conclude that the live loading was not that much higher for this particular building we are considering here in this report. For this purpose we have considered some of the other buildings and there characteristics for the different dynamic characteristics in different country. As we can see the detail floor planning with the help of the columns and footings these after observing them carefully we can assume the sustainability of the existing building we are going to consider.

The buildings we have taken here for analysis in the historical pattern are Bhuj (India), Koyana (India), Anza (USA), Nahanni (Canada), Northridge (USA) according to the history all of them are experienced an earthquake of more than 6 in Richter scale.

From the references we have got the detail results on the historical parameters and here in this part of the report we are incorporated those results to show their nature on loading conditions and from them a assumptions can be made for the existing structure since it is much more smaller them the stated buildings and it is so obvious that a smaller elevation building will experience a less amount of shear on the X and Y direction on dynamic loading of them.

Table (1): Seismic load characteristics in different buildings X direction Shear

 

Table (2): Seismic load characteristics in different buildings Y direction Shear

From these above data taken from reference research paper we can get an overall assumption on the historical design aspects of the building. But only the thing is that we don’t have the exact parameters of the existing building, still if we get the exact data of the proposed building then by the intensities we can evaluate also the shear at the X and Y direction of the building this is the only this we get from the history analysis of an existing building.

On the context of the application of the history analysis of the existing building it is basically the general terminologies we get from the dynamic responses from different natural calamities on the building. As an application we can say it is one of the necessary requirements for evaluating any structure and as a result we can say the existing building is strong enough because it is observed from various researches the most effective disaster earthquake affects on the high altitude and low basement area buildings only. The buildings having a higher basement area and lesser elevation are not affected on seismic loading.

• Structural systems:

The structural system of any building or any structure is basically based on the assembly of the columns and the beams. The walls on the external and internal part of any building are nothing but the partitions. Here also in the existing building if we need to discuss about the different aspects on the context of its structural we have to consider the overall structural layout of the existing building. On the floor plans provided earlier in the report we can observe the positions of the columns basically in the existing building there are 28 vertical columns holding the entire building on land.

Fig (9): Different side elevation view of the building

As we need to describe the structural part of the existing building we have attached the general elevation of the building from four sides of the building which is also a partial part of the structure. From the above figure we can get the actual positions of the glossy glass panel on the external walls of the building so it can prove also the natural day lighting of the building which plays an important role for reducing the conservation of electrical energy at day time.

Fig (10, 11, 12): From parking floor to the top floor plan of the building with the positions of the columns for visualization of the structural parts of the existing building

As we have to discuss about the structural part of the existing building so we have attached all the necessary diagrams so that the structural components like the positions of columns, number of columns, places of the beams, supports of the staircase rest part between two inclinations, the supporting duct of the elevator and all. These are the main structural components or parts of any building and everything is there in the above figures. For making all the existing components like the inside walls in the construction we can see the staircase completely made at the position where we have proper footings with the column and also we can see the rest part of the staircase supported on the beams. One more thing is that if we consider the dead load on the columns and the beams these are the loading of the roof or the floors and the walls made on the beams. The usage of more windows in terms of glass paneling reduces a lots of dead loading on the columns and beams of the existing building, so these are also some points are to be consider when we analyze some structural system of a building.

• Distribution system:

The distribution system of a building can be broadly classified into some sub categories so that we can get a clear view on them individually. The subparts of the distribution systems are basically HVAC in the building, thermal subsystem, and the plumbing subsystem of a building.

HVAC:

First we need to know about the HVAC system of a building. On the general principal we can say the HVAC system is one of the critical part of any building the reason behind it is due to a large space and the presence of so many people into it at a time. From its name the whole thing is clear to us; it is a system which will make possible a suitable environment in a building or a closed section by providing heating, ventilation and Air conditioning. The main objective of incorporating such kind of arrangement in a building for providing a suitable condition in terms of the indoor air quality and also providing a safety. Here the main motive is to provide ample amount of safety in a building. The procedure of such kind of system is to provide a pleasant feeling throughout the building not only in terms of cooling of the air it must work on also in the winter season for providing hot air throughout the building.

For cooling,

For the cooling system in a building in HVAC the central cooling system is used. The entire system contains an outdoor unit having condenser and compressor and a indoor unit having a evaporator coil. When the hot air into any closed space blows across the evaporator coil of the refrigeration system its heat is being absorbed by the refrigerant inside it. That allows taking the heat and going to the condenser unit of the system. At this position it releases the heat to the atmosphere and again after compression by the help of the compressor it becomes cool and comes to the evaporator coil and a blower provide the cool air in the room or into the building and on such a manner the whole system works on a cyclic manner.

For the ease of the thermal parameters of a building it plays a great role in any kind of buildings. Basically in the places where the atmosphere is cold enough at those locations such kind of thermal system is necessary in any building for office usage. This kind of arrangements can be incorporated in the design and construction of any building. Fir such kind of thermal units basically two kinds of systems are available one is the conventional technique with the help of burning of fuel like gas or oil. Some modern techniques are using electrical heater as a heat producing element and a blower just behind it works as hot blower it is just like the room heater miniature version we use in our households. So this is the general mechanisms are stated as we just need the description on it.

Fig (13): Typical HVAC system of a building

Along with this in this part of the report we need to describe the plumbing distribution system in a building. The plumbing distribution system in a building is one of the most important topic need to be consider for design aspects. Before we describe anything about it, what actually is the plumbing distribution system of a building need to be known properly? The plumbing distribution system is the unit used to flow the liquid in terms of water throughout the building for general usage. The main objective is to make sure a continuous flow of water throughout the building. It consists of several parts and so many joints on each bend part of the building. So at the time of designing and implementing the plumbing design for a building some points are to be taken into consideration. Those points are a complete leak proof condition for this purpose we need to check whether there are less amount of joints in the pipes. A sufficient amount of water is also a necessary point and it needs a higher capacity of tank. A continuous flow of hot water for various purposes throughout the building these all things are to be taken in the first priority for plumbing related issues in a building and to design them also. Along with all this points at the time of designing the plumbing distribution system we need to check what are the possible ways of design to make everything happened with the help of less amount of pipe and material usage this is the part that will make a most economical and sustainable aspect on this topic. A typical plumbing arrangement is shown below for any construction related problems,

Fig (14): Plumbing arrangement of a building

• Integrated design practices:

In every architectural design the integrated design practice one of the most effective ways for sustainable design outcome. For any kind of high performance design of buildings the integrated design practice is the most useful tool. It is not only related to the design parameters of a building. It also followed by some of the other parameters. So we can say the integrated design practice is a collaborative process and it contains so many steps for every design methodologies like design, procurement, construction, operation and occupancy of the building on its total life span.

In the conventional design practices the motive is to make a project possible by such a manner so that the less amount of efforts are taken for completion of any job, but in case of the integrated design concept the main motive is to make a collaboration in different departments for the ease of work and successful completion. A flow chart is given below to understand the general principal followed by the entire team when they are following an integrated design practice,

Before attaching the chart we would like to say the parts we can cover in the integrated design practice are,

1. Pre design phase
2. Schematic designing phase
3. Development of design phase
4. Documentation related to the construction phase
5. Bidding, construction and commissioning stage
6. Building operational phase
7. Post occupancy phase

These are the stages of the integrated design plan and practices to be followed for every construction purpose, definitely one can observe the outcome of such kind of design methodologies. Now, the below figure shows how it works,

Fig (15): Integrated design process flow concept

• Contextual data & global context implications:

The contextual data and its analysis are completely based on the data we are getting from an existing building or construction site we have in our hand for investigation. At the time of implementation of any project on any site as an architectural project there might be some kind of situation may arise about the site condition, topographical conditions are not that much good, transportation system, availability of electricity, climate everything is to be checked before starting any kind of investment on any project because these conditions may hamper the general usage of a property or the general features of an existing building we have taken fpor consideration.

The most important thing in terms of context data collection of any existing building will give us a opportunity for the establishment of any new modified design scheme as per the requirements as well as it can make a clear view about the problematic scenarios of the particular zone of the existing building. It is very necessary to collect all the data we can collect for the most and after gathering all the data we need to make some charts to arrange all those data in a proper manner. If a team is sent for a contextual analysis and for gathering the data as per the context data then the data may contain the parking space and free space, the availability of water, the ventilation of the building, presence of light in the building, electricity connection, location and last one more important thing is accessibility from various nearest junction points. As we have checked all the related parameters for the purpose of contextual data and analysis we can say,

The related data for the existing building (Framingham Summit Office Building) are stated below on bullets,

1. Its exact location is the Pleasant street connector and very close to the Boston Worcester turnpike.
2. The space is very nice for availability of all amenities like kitchen, toilets, front free space and connecting roads.
3. The most popular high way near to the building is Route 9 is just 2 mile apart from the building.
4. Fully carpeted floor is there in the building provides a acoustic silence.
5. Sufficient amount of daylight inside the building.
6. Central heating and central cooling is there in the entire building we have taken for consideration.
7. There are 17 covered cars parking space and 104 surface car parking spaces are available in the building.
8. For transportation purpose we can say by the research, it is only in between 9 to 10 min driving distance from the local railway station and the Logan international airport is in 40 min driving distance from the building.
9. There are so many retail shops, restaurants and hotels are in walking distance from the existing building.

This all are the data related to the context data. If we discuss about the global implications we can say, it is a commercial building and there might be such kind of situation may arise that the building is being taken by someone not popular and common to the place for them such kind of contextual analysis and the related data collection is very important. Not only for the evaluation of an existing building, also very useful for site selection also for new construction.

Post Occupancy Evaluation:

The post occupancy evaluation is one of the most important things when we are considering the integrated design practice. It is not like that the integrated design practices ends with the completion of the construction of the building. In the context of the post occupancy evaluation the most important thing is to make a possible maintenance and regular reporting of the construction team for enhancement of the building life span. It is a basic way for getting the feedback for the building performance on a continuous manner so that the overall life span of the building may increase with a high extend. The post occupancy evaluation for the construction tem, architecture team and for the occupancy is also subjected to the occupant of the building then only the assurance may come like the enhancement of the building life span.

The steps we should follow at the time of post occupancy evaluation of a existing building is kind of,

1. The building documentation is to be updated regularly.
2. The building performance evaluation and the results are to be observing carefully.
3. Continuous monitoring is necessary for the post occupancy evaluation.
4. Some kind of re-commissioning plans are to be implementing there on the post occupancy evaluation.
5. Environmental management programs should be performing on regular basis for the context of post occupancy evaluation.
6. One most important topic is to be consider at the time of post occupancy evaluation is, the occupant using any higher loading on the building or not. If they are doing any kind of reconstruction in the building or not because such kind of things may affect to the life span of the building.

On the context of building documentation the existing building drawings and designs are to be evaluated and both are found well in nature for the investigation because the overall building was well maintained. For the building performance we need to check the interiors and exteriors so that we can check any kind of failure in the building like crack, fatigue on the walls, columns and in beams also. A continuous monitoring means a regular verification for the behavior of the building because some time it may happen after completion of the construction the building inclined in any direction due to failure of soil preparation so those things are to be monitor regularly so that we can get an enhancement in the life span of the existing building. The environmental management says that the environmental behavior of the building like the ventilation is working properly or not, the day light entering in the building properly or not, is there any kind of error at the time of heating and cooling of the internal sections of the building in winter and summer season. These all environmental evaluation should be checked carefully. In the existing building we can see externally so many parts on the external of the building made of glossy glass panel that is why on the context of day lighting it is quite better. Fro the ventilation purpose HVAC system is incorporated in the existing building which provides a central cooling as well as central heating. If we say something about the reconstruction and the enhancement of loading on the existing building then we can say the building is only for office use only for that purpose the partitions are made in the existing building all are temporary one can easily change them as per their requirement.

Site visit:

For evaluation of any kind of structure here it is a building one of the most important things is to be carried out a site visit. Though the manual mathematical and simulation analysis reports are must for evaluating any new construction or nay existing building but also there is a huge gap between the theory and the practical implementation between any construction and manufacturing. For that reason if we need to perform any research on this contest at that time we need a site visiting program. The reason behind it is to make a clear understanding on the existing building. We know the paper work is there and we can see so many things related to the building but a site visit can give us the actual space actual location of the building. The actual transportation facilities of the building can be found out. We can check also the parameters are given in the paper works are correct or not. Is there same amount of floor space available on the three storied building, is there same parking space is provided in the building as followed by the documentary part. The engineering teams from different departments need to be evaluating the related things of the building. The architecture engineer, civil engineer, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, acoustic engineer and also environment and safety engineering team are needed for such kind of investigation and survey.

The outcome from the site visit can be made something like this,

1. Soil property is as per the civil engineering manual paper work can be tested and checked.
2. The beams and the columns can be checked in the parking area since it a complete vacant space and they all are as per the drawing and design.
3. As we can see the different side elevation of the existing building the walling part and glass paneling parts are shown so this all are as per the design because we have the physical image of the existing building and we can check from that.
4. All the related interiors are completely exact shown in the figures of the interior of the building we have attached earlier in the report.

These are all about the site visit of a construction site or an existing building.

Schematics:

the design of the building and for any existing building the schematics are one of the most important things for evaluation of it, and on which we can apply so many topics to understand the general parameters of a existing building we have considered for evaluation. Here in our report we have considered some topics on the context of schematics those are goals and objectives of the report, design concept of the existing building, inspirations, adjacency matrix, bubble diagrams, block diagrams, experience and ideation sketches of the existing building. On the context of the planning the floor plans are made as per the client’s requirements. But the schematics are made as per the existing floor plan of the building so that we can check the accessibility of the building.

• Goals and objective:

For the research purpose of an existing building on the context of schematics the main goal is to get a final outcome for determining the overall condition of the building for various kind of its user. The topic states so many things related to the topic where we have discussed the design scheme, the detail about the property the floors and the designs the interiors and exteriors everything was discussed earlier in this report so we just need the outcome so that we can get a  final conclusion regarding the building structure. The objectives are stated below,

1. To get the design scheme and understanding all its parameters.
2. To become familiar with the interior and exterior of the building.
3. To get an idea about the different kind of usage of an existing building by using various design technique.
4. To become familiar with the circulation diagram of the existing building so that we can get a clear overview of the passage for general movement inside the building.
5. To get a clear view on the day time lighting and the HVAC system of the existing building.

• Design concept:

The design concept is the thing where we can make some of the concepts of the interior floor planning arbitrarily of an existing building to check whether the existing building can match with the requirements for different kind of users. Since it was used as a office building but is our final floor planning we have made all the floor planning so that we may not face any problem due to clear passage. In most of the external part of the building we have used wide glass paneling instead of complete walling it is also a concept for reducing the consumption of electricity in the daytime by utilizing the day light instead of artificial lighting. For the purpose of parking the ground floor of the building left vacant to make a reduction of space of the building.

These all are the related things are to be considering at the time of designing of a building. So the concept is very important one for initial design as well as evaluating an existing building. The reason behind it is, if we can check and evaluate the main concepts of the design of an existing building then it will help us a lot at the time of designing any of any other same kind of projects.

The concepts are,

1. Designing of footings and columns.
2. Designing of beam structure.
3. Designing of interior and exterior.
4. Designing of the parking space.
5. Designing of the glass paneling for getting sufficient amount of day light.
6. Designing of HVAC, Thermal and Plumbing unit of a building.

These are the related concepts can be followed at the time of designing of any building and we have also followed all of these above for our designing methodology and along with all this thing we have also considered the circulation diagrams to get the general arrangements of the passages for normal movement of people.

• Inspirations:

The inspiration of any design of building is basically a motive for generating an own conceptual design with best of the knowledge. The process is something like we can take a lot of ideas from some of the existing architecture we have in our world. In general all the architectural engineers got inspirations from some unexpected designs those are completely new one and can make a revolution in the design concepts and methodology.

The inspiration basically comes from various kinds of the famous architecture in the world as well as some of the buildings are situated in the nearest location of the site can also be taken for the consideration of the inspiration on building architectural design. The reason behind the inspiration of architectural design is for getting a perfect outcome from the ease of making a sustainable building design and planning. For getting the inspirations in architectural design we need to do follow some steps,

1. We can follow the rules and regulations followed by famous architect.
2. We can follow some of the designs of the various national and international buildings.
3. We can make a clear view on the various research papers or journals for suck kind of researches and to become an inspired architect.

• Adjacency matrix:

Here in the existing building floor plan there is not any kind of attachments in different parts of the building because it is showing a vacant floor plan. For this reason we are unable to prepare the adjacency matrix for the existing floor plan. But we can prepare the adjacency matrix for the floor plan we have designed as a proposal.

Fig (16): Adjacency matrix

The above figure shows the different accessibility of the places on the floor from different locations and there accessibility. For ease of terminology the terms are used as a short form we have shown above.

• Bubble diagrams:

Fig (17): Bubble diagram of the floor plan

 

• Block diagrams:

Fig (18): Block diagram of the floor plan

• Experience:

The experience is all about the general usage of various aspects of designing of a building architecture model by considering several rules and regulations we have stated all those things above. The various aspects of the designing tools and the methodologies we need to follow about the bubble diagram, adjacency matrix and the block diagram are described in this part. If we read carefully all the description on various things we need to consider then it is very obvious that we will get the clear view on the given topics of the assignment.

It is basically a method for finding out some kind of relation between various parameters in any design of building. In 1986 first the usage of adjacency matrix was comes into role. It is not like the mathematical matrix design. It is kind of a figure which is very useful for the planning purpose of a building. With the use of adjacency matrix the main motive is to visualizing the relationship between the functional areas of the building. The adjacency matrix of a building will give a designer to get the general proximity requirements.

The adjacency matrix is a matrix shows the relation like the attachments between the various parts of the building so that the architect can design the building by taken all of them into consideration. As an example if we say we need a connection between the living room and kitchen but we don’t need the connection between the bed room and kitchen instead of this we want a connection between bedroom and living room. For such kind of evaluation before designing the study of adjacency matrix is needed. So here we have prepared the adjacency matrix as per the floor plan just for understanding purpose.

For the design we have made for a proposal of the restaurant floor with boutique, managers room, finance room, conference room etc we have taken into consideration of this floor design to find out its adjacent matrix.

The bubble diagram is one of the most important techniques for evaluating the spaces to be required for interior planning of a floor. It is basically a pre design technique based on which the main construction design is carried out by the architect. In a room if there are so many furnitures are available then we need to make a better arrangement for them so that we may not face any kind of lack of spaces in the floor planning.

For the same floor plane we are also generating the bubble diagram which we have prepared as a restaurant floor plan so that we can make an understanding view of it.

• Ideation sketches:

The ideation sketches are the technique where we need to perform some conceptual free hand drawings in the context of the designing and building architectural drawing. The process is basically a brain storming process and we can say also it is a trial and error process too. More we do the ideation sketches before any final design we will get more specific and accurate design of any structure.

If we go through again and again ideation drawing of sketches then we will be able to get fewer amount of error. The reason behind it is to get a clear knowledge how we can save spaces and how we can arrange everything in a given amount of free space.

Fig (19): Ideation sketches of the floor plan

Synthesized program statement, program summary & detailed program:

The synthesized program statement states that the overall investigation done on which basis. Because we have so many parts on the context of structural analysis like the main columns and beams are in one part. On another part of the statement we have assumed the interior and the exterior part of the building we have taken into consideration. Along with it we have also taken some of the parameters like environmental analysis of the building so that we will be able to get the clear vision on the healthy environmental condition of the internal part of the building.

The program summary is the part where we need to perform the entire program so that we can make a organizational chart to prepare all the necessary checking and observation for different parts of the building. The importance of such kind of program is basically due to the enhancement of the performance for evaluating different aspects of a building.

The detailed program can be done such a manner like,

1. Gathering all the necessary documents related to the structure.
2. Reading all of the documents carefully so that the chance of mistake can be lesser.
3. Checking of all the parameters in terms of the structural parts of the building.
4. Checking the availability of the daylight inside the building at day time.
5. Checking all the environmental applications are incorporated to the building or not.
6. If all this are completed then we need to make a final report on the basis of outcomes we have from the investigation.
7. Not only general investigation is needed for this case we also need to follow some of the post occupancy evaluation for the betterment of the building life span.

Meeting minutes:

The meeting minutes is described the basic discussion between the vendor and the client’s conversation for performing such kind of general investigation of the building structure. The conversation contains so many topics which are the most important one these are stated below. Since, we are considering the structural analysis and also the interior designing parameters are taken into consideration so the main motive is to check all the details related to this topic only.

The topics are structural condition and type, external walls of the building, glass paneling on the external wall, the interior parts of the building, the air circulation and ventilation of the building, the plumbing structure and usage of the building and the parking space also. The reason behind the topics are to be consider, if we know all this things then it will be between for nay client to take a chance of occupying the building on contract basis. If someone will not be able to know all this things then he cannot get the idea about he can use the building for his requirement or not.

Model client questions and responses:

What is the build-up area of the building?

Response: The building has a total area of 23379 sq ft.

How many columns are there in the footing of the building?

Response: on the footing of the building the building has 28 numbers of columns.

What is the strength of the people on each floor of the building?

Response: From a range of 21 to 68 numbers of people can stay at a time on each floor.

What is the source of the lights in the building?

Response: Since, there are large amount of glass paneling on the external walls so we can utilize the day light throughout the day,

What is the cooling and heating system of the building?

Response: The building consists of HVAC central cooling and thermal system for both the summer season and winter season.

How is the transportation system of the building?

Response: there are more than one nearest railway station is available and also an international airport is there very close to the building.

How is the interior part of the building?

Response: the interior color scheme is very nice having aristocrat color with maintaining color harmony, along with it the suspended false ceiling is also there in the building, and the entire floor is covered with carpet.

These are the basic questionnaires and response we can observe in mentor client meeting.

Elements & principles of design:

For the designing purpose we have used we have used so many useful technique to get one of the best design for the building interior as well as exterior. The basic procedures of the designing the interior of a building consists of some typical methods. The methods we have used in the designing part of our assignment are organizational chart preparation, planning, adjacency matrix of the floor planning, bubble diagram of the floor planning, some of the block diagrams of the building, post occupancy evaluation.

With help of those technique we have followed we can say the final floor planning is done on that manner only, because the design technique consists of so many trial and error methods that is why preliminarily we have done so many things like finding out the adjacency matrix, bubble diagram and pre design concept all are performed before coming into a final conclusion.

Fig (20): Process undertaken for designing purpose

Principles & concepts:

In this part of the report we need to say about the various aspects of the principle and the concepts are taken for the designing purposes of the building interior. All the research principles are taken for consideration and all are discussed below so that the reader can understand the aspects of the usage of different concepts. Why we have used something in the building design that is stated here in a clear way.

• Universal design:

The universal design is the basic thing we need to follow-up at the time of designing any kind of interior designing and floor planning of a building. It states that the design must be kind of that where we can make a sense of all of them. If the positioning of the different parts of the building are made such a manner that it is violating the universal design concepts then it is not acceptable at all. So if we can observe the final floor plan of the building is proposed in our report there we have the kitchen is in the inside of the restaurant as well as the kitchen storage room is not attached to the restaurant itself it is just attached to the kitchen. Since, these are very small parts of the designing concept but at the time of design we have considered all of them and this is how we have used the universal design concept for our project.

• ADA:

The term ADA basically stands for Americans with Disabilities act. The reason behind this kind of thing taken for consideration, in America the government rule is something like, if there is a commercial building for any purpose. Everyone should follow some rules at the time of designing such kind of buildings that the structural parts of the building are not providing any kind of discomfort to the disable people at any cost. For that reason if we observe carefully the proposed floor plan there we have incorporated the elevator for movement along with the staircase on the existing model. In our plan we have eliminated the elevator but we made the staircase with three fold concept for making it comfortable enough for disable as well as senior citizens. This is how we have made the plan design of the building by considering the rule of ADA.

• Anthropometrics & Ergonomics:

When we design any building structure for its exterior and interior then we have to think about the anthropometrics and ergonomics of the building. It means the comfortable nature of the movement and sitting in all places in the building. One of the most important things we can observe in the proposed design that, the staircase of the building made on three fold design manner to get rest movement. Along with it if we observe the floor with salon and yoga section ample amount of spaces are kept for the easy movement and the sitting. For the salon there are beds and inclined chairs are placed for the ergonomics purposes.

• Proxemics:

The Proxemics is an important parameter which needs to be satisfied at the time of designing a building plan for its interior designing. It states that, if we design a building such a manner that the spaces of the different chairs, tables and different sections need to be match such that the people should not get any kind of difficulties at the time of interaction to anyone. Also another one thing is to be considering that is, the gap between different sections. We can see in the restaurant and the salon sections of the floor plan there are ample amount of spaces are kept towards the tables and the seats so that any difficulty may not occur at any situation. All this things are taken into consideration for the designing of the floor plan.

• Natural and artificial lighting:

If we are designing the interior and the exterior part of a building then we should follow some of the features of the building. The reason behind it is to make a sustainable condition. If we can get a natural lighting at day time from the windows of the building then we can easily reduce the consumption of the electricity. As well as a sufficient amount of daylight will make a heating inside a building and that will help at winter season. Along with it the artificial lighting should be designed such a manner that all the portions of the building do not kept at darkness. For shadow less condition we need to use more amounts of lights on the ceiling of the building. And for the natural lighting we can see easily the building exterior wall having a large amount of glass paneling to allow the entrance of daylight.

• Color:

On the context of interior design of a building the color scheme is very necessary to maintain the aesthetics of the building. For that reason the color scheme of the building is a light color based as we can see in the actual internal images of the building. And we need to maintain some harmonics because the color of the interior part of a building can make a change in the human psychology as well as human perspective.

• Acoustics:

If the noise is very high inside a building then it can be the worst situation for all inside the building. Since, there are roadways just besides the building so traffic noise will be there. So the reduction of the noise is very important here for that reason the glass paneling will help a lot by providing a sealed path on the external surface. Also we have used carpets inside the building floor for that reason it can help to reduce the noises inside the building.

• Indoor air quality:

The indoor air quality can also be taken into consideration for the design scheme of a building on its various aspects. Since we have the building like most of the external walls are made of glass panels so those panels are to be made such a way like we can open them as a foldable window to get the fresh air from the nature. Otherwise we may face a suffocating environment inside the building at some condition. Also the HVAC system is incorporated in the building to make a natural and comfortable air quality throughout the building.

• Sustainability:

The sustainability of a building is a crucial part for the designing team. The meaning of sustainability in terms of building management is completely related to the life span of the building. The sustainability of a building also depends upon the built quality of a construction. If we use better materials then it is so obvious that the life span will increase. Along with it for the interior and exterior color coating as a weather coat for reducing natural calamities effects on it also used in this building. The columns are made on the inner surface of the wall so that it will not affected by the rains. These are the general design technique are to be follow for making a great sustainability of a building.

Budget:

Here the budget for the particular building can be classified in two parts one is the budget for the main structural construction work and another one is the interior design cost. As both of the costs for the construction and the interior are depends on the size of the building we have. The reason behind it is, a larger size depicts a higher amount of material usage and long time duration of project. And we can say higher will be the amount of material the budget will increase and larger the size of the building higher will be the time duration and wages for the worker will increase the budget. Typically if we want to design an architectural office building it needs to be well decorated form it’s external as well as from its internal.

In general the basic technique is to find out solution with the help of amount/ sq ft. For interior designing we have studied so many articles and we get to know the interior design cost is classified into three categories. First one is the low budget about $15/sq ft. Second one is the moderate budget about $22/sq ft. The third one is the high end projects it is about $32/sq ft. As we have the floor area about 8400 sq ft for each floor we can say the total area is,

For the first case the budget for the interior design will be $378000 as a whole.

For the second case the budget for the interior design will be $554400 as a whole.

For the third case the budget for the interior design will be $806400 as a whole.

How we have got this budget we have already discussed in the discussion part of the budget. One more thing is that, the budget is not fixed at all but an approximate estimation can be done on such a manner for interior projects. It can vary day by day and in different country the values are not same also for the costing of different materials and the costing for the worker wages.

Industry specific regulation:

When any construction related tasks are carried out in a region then it is known to us there we should follow the local rules and regulations. For the city of Framingham there are also such kind of rules are applied in various building construction. The rules and regulations are stated as the industry specific regulations because the rules in different subdivisions or different state government bodies are different in nature. For Framingham also there are some specific rules and regulations are followed for the construction of the building. In the some of the research papers related to the industry specific regulation we can see the regional government body rules and regulations. And we can see also on the physical verification of the existing building that the building is made just by considering all the rules and regulations. There is no violation of the rules and regulation for each and every perspective like the structural part, needed vacant space everything is maintained in this design concept.

The various laws and regulations need to be followed at the time of construction otherwise the local municipal corporation will not grant the permit for the construction. The entire city is not a crowded one it is very neat and clean and spacious too. For the construction of the building the rules followed by the constructing authority,

1. The sub divisional design standard which says a lot about the usage permit of the material in construction.
2. Sensitive land and unsuitable lands for development is also an important part of the regulation. At the time of construction soil testing report evaluation is carried out and on the basis of it the local sub divisional authority provide the green signal for initiation of construction.
3. Master land use plan (M.G.Lc.41) is to be followed.
4. Property lots and boundaries rules are also one kind of rule have used at the time of construction of the building.
5. From the board of health the health safety issues are also taken for consideration like private septic, private wells all are considered for the construction procedures of this particular building.

These are the mains rules and regulations on this particular place and this can vary place to place. Instead of all this regulations some other rules are like fire safety feature, spacing besides a building for emergency situation all are maintained in this building construction. Also for the indoor air quality the duct and the ventilation units are belongs to this rules and regulation of industry specific regulation.

Zoning:

Zoning is also a kind of rules and regulation scheme for the construction of a commercial building in a region. It provides the correct specifications to the builder or the real estate companies to ensure the place is perfect for a particular purpose or not. If the place is not safe or if there is some issue with the place and not matching the requirements then we can say it violates the zoning laws. In Framingham there are some strict zoning laws are available for the construction of building or any kind of architectural structure. The basic meaning by the term zoning law is the zonal rules and regulations.

With the help of some research papers we have come to know the exact zoning laws in the Framingham and the rules followed by the building. Here we are just discussing a few about the description related to the zoning law for buildings in Framingham but if we can perform a survey on the building with the help of physical presence then it will be quite nice to all of us for getting the exact parameters of the local zoning laws.

For this purpose here we are considering the building as a commercial building. For that reason we need to check all the possible checking is done or not if everything is alright then only the new selection of the purpose for the building can be done. In the zoning law of a building the concerning matters are,

1. Building soil test result.
2. Building construction permit certificate.
3. 100% matching of the physical foundation to the design with the help of certified engineer.
4. Standard material usage.
5. After completion pre occupancy checking and evaluation of the structural strength of the building by certified engineer is to be produce to the local authority.
6. Proper parking place.
7. Waste material dumping location.
8. For commercial building sideway passage.

All this things are checked in the zoning evaluation and we can check all this things if we get a physical survey on the existing structure.

Laws, codes, standards and guidelines:

The law in a construction project is very much important for the betterment of the structural behavior of a building as well as maintenance of different things. The basic laws are incorporated in the construction of a building is stated here in this part of the report and we just need to check whether an existing building follows all the laws or not. If there is a violation of any law for building construction then it can make an extensive damage of the building and the environment because the laws are made just to get a sustainable development in a country on every aspect. For the construction and building design we should follow the laws stated below.

Alarms, barriers, concrete and masonry construction, disposal of waste, electrical wiring, emergency planning, exposure monitoring, fall protection, floor and wall opening, hazard communication, head and other personal protection, ladders and staircase, ventilation, height of the building, column structure, soil condition, roof thickness, central cooling and heating and many more.

For the discussion of the codes of a building design it is not constant parameter in every country. It is varying in nature for different countries. The codes generally used in the construction related works in America are stated below,

IBC 2006: International Building Code

ASCE 7-05: Design loads on various aspects in building

ADM 1-00: Aluminum material code for several usages

ACI 318-05: Concrete material code

AISC 341: Steel material code for structural parts

AWS D1.1-04: Welding property code for structures

AF&PA NDS-05: Wooden structural material code for construction

For fire safety in an existing building we use the standard codes,

NFPA 5000 and NFPA 101: Fire, fume, smoke safety code for the occupants in a building.

For the doors and the walls, the fire safety codes are tested on, UL 10B, UL 10C, ASTM E2074 and NFPA 252.

Fig (21): Ground floor plan

If we can observe the floor plan of the basement for a building we are proposing we can see there are total exit points are available which can be use as fire exist or emergency exit doors. For a fast evacuation along with the main staircase there are also two staircases at the end corners of the floor plan. The corridor of the exit door having a width of 6 feet is quite sufficient. On the internal walls of the building we can put fire extinguisher for easy handling at any emergency situation.

Ratings of doors and walls are given here mainly used in internationally usage but the local standard wise result may vary a few,

Table (3): Wall and door rating on fire

Wall assembly	Rating of the wall	Minimum rating of the door
Wall/ Barrier	4HR	180 MIN
Wall/ Barrier	3 HR	180 MIN
Wall/ Barrier	2 HR	90 MIN
Wall/ Barrier	1.5 HR	90 MIN
Fire barrier	1 HR	60 MIN
Other fire barrier	1 HR	45 MIN
Fire partitions	1 HR	20 MIN
Fire partition	1 HR	20 MIN
Smoke barrier	1 HR	20 MIN
Exterior wall	3 HR	90 MIN

 

Building diagram:

Here the floor plan is given which we have prepared. But for the enhancement and detail discussion we are using the only one floor and discussed in detail about the various design methodologies we have taken into consideration. In this part of the report to prove the design we have made is the superior we just need to evaluate the special feature of the floor plan on which we can make an assumption that, the plan is good enough on every aspects.

Fig (22): Ground floor plan

Here if we need to enforce the design of the floor plan we have made then we need to consider some but important things we have done on the existing building floor plan. Those things are, in the previous design we have only two staircases one at the front side and another one is at the back end side of the building. But the presence of another one staircase will give a better arrangement for the emergency situation evacuation and it is so obvious that the betterment of safety arrangement in a building is a necessary one.

In the previous floor plan of the existing building there was only one entrance without any exit point. For safety reasons the exits are one of the most important feature of a building for that reason we have made three exit points one is at the end of the corridor and another two are at the attachment of the two end sided staircases. This will help a lot for any kind of emergency situation evacuation.

If we observe the floor plan, we are proposed for the existing building then we can see the front side staircase having an ‘L’ shape it will make the aesthetics of the lobby and the building quite nice.

The principle of the redesigning and evaluation of the floor plan of an existing building is to make a proper idea and the terminologies of the construction and design of building. The concepts are to be clear for such kind of design.  So here we have gone through various techniques to implement the most effective and best floor plan with all its furniture positioning to get larger amount of space without a hazy formatting. Moreover, the sustainability of a building can be increased by this kind of evaluation and investigation we have done.

This is all about the design planning and aesthetics enhancement of an existing building.

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