We Have Numbers Of Free Samples

The top issues under debate are free movement and migration which are under debate about the relationship of Europe with the UK and the referendum of approaching membership. The country where the majority of population has come traditionally from outside of Europe, EU migration fills up almost at least half of immigration of non-resident to the UK.

The following policies of five years are designed for reducing quarterly statistics, immigration which is released at August end shows the net immigration reaches the record of highest level. The combination regarding the renewed debate related to the difficulty in reducing the UK immigration and the EU membership which gives rise to a discussion about the fact that whether reduction in migration is the cause of leaving EU or whether it is exception to do.

The greatest challenge is perhaps to understand the impact of exit of EU on migration is in fact not yet known. Brugge et al. (2016) mentioned that the relationship needs to be understood on the replaced membership of EU. On the contrary, it may be probable that the membership of UK on EU may be replaced by some kind of association agreement which includes free movement. Austria and Denmark implemented together free movement as a part of the agreement for economic cooperation with EU. The Brexit impact on migration of UK may be limited relatively, if this occurs in the UK.

Withdrawal of EU may mean the ending of free movement and introduction of requirements in admission for the citizens of EU who desires to work and live in the UK. These may result in various forms of ambiguity. However, Blockmans and Weiss (2016) observed that the main understandable scenario is the citizens of EU will be judged under similar rules as the citizens of non-EU countries.

The problems are faced by the EU and non EU citizens regarding same rules. In this case, the citizens of EU who desire to find a way to settle permanently in the UK may be required to qualify regarding family or work unification. The student undergoing temporary migration to UK may be provided an initial route, but the visa holder students are required to get qualified for family or work visas for staying there after studies. The rules make it more problematic for the citizens of EU to work and live legally in the UK.

Most of the citizens of EU who migrate currently to the UK are mostly engaged in certain work. The data published most recently states that an estimate of 66% of citizens of UN moves in UK for a period of 12 months or greater have told that the main reason of their migration is work, and a good amount of citizens have the jobs lined up. The 19% among them have reported study as the major motivation and 10% have family issues.

Lang (2014) stated that the rules of work visa may be therefore very crucial to determine which citizens of EU may still be able to come to the UK. The current rule of immigration states that the workers of non-EU citizens may usually get sponsored by the employer regarding a skilled job.

Many citizens of EU may find it hard to meet the standard, particularly the citizens from new states of EU member who are exposed vastly in low-skilled work. According to Labor Force Survey, in the year 2014, only a quarter of working EU members approximately have arrived in UK in between last four years were in managerial, technical or professional occupations which are more likely in qualifying in visas for skilled work. The person in majority who holds these jobs belongs to the countries joining EU before the year 2004.

The other vital reason which provides a settlement pathway for citizens is family. The EU citizens facing the similar rule as that of Citizens of non EU, as such the citizens who desire to take spouse in the UK may require to meet the income threshold of the family. Under the present rules the income of the partner of any UK resident may be near about £ 20000 or even more if the dependent children are present. On the contrary, Dhingra (2016) viewed that if this system changes, the lower income group of citizens of the newer states of EU member may face vital obstacle in migrating with family.

A number of citizens of EU may still prefer to migrate to the UK even though they have to face the similar immigration rules as that of non-EU citizens, but the same emerges to be harder since the requirements of earnings and skills are applicable for both family and work. The changes made may have come in effects of second order which are essentially not possible to summarize in advance. Many employers in the UK have been accustomed with the supply of workers from EU in jobs with low remuneration, and the elimination of the migration route may enhance the pressure of unemployment and illegal migration. There is a possibility that the citizens of EU may enhance in the shorter period in an anticipation of the exit of EU, as citizens wanted to grab the opportunity of moving before the change of rules. However, Gropp (2016) stated that if important latest policy barriers were established, then general migration in the intermediate term may not be lowered. Nonetheless, under present economic policies and conditions, only Brexit may not be sufficient in bringing the target closer.

Freedom Movement of the citizens is among the four principles based on which the single market of EU is founded. The other principles are movement of capital, services and goods. They together present a balance of advantages and opportunities between the poorer and richer states, between struggling states and thriving states.

The citizen of EU possesses the right to seek and employ themselves in several member states and possess the similar social benefits and tax regime as the others. The process is helpful for the citizens in order to gain social status among others.

At the beginning of the year 2014, around 80000 people have come to the border of European fleeing conflicts, irregular channels, and domestic violence or to live a better life in abroad. After the Second World War, the surge of migration is becoming rapidly the biggest and more challenging Europe has ever faced. The migration issue is highly becoming a politically sensitive issue, which generates intense public & political debate and the exacerbating weaknesses existing previously in the system of immigration across the Europe. Meanwhile the EU government lacks responding adequately which left the hundreds and thousands of migrants and other refugees increasingly vulnerable.

The policy in short outlines the key facts regarding the present surge in uneven migration to Europe which specify the practical and policy challenges faced by the government of EU in this regard. The policy also offers suggestions for reframing the present approaches in order to facilitate a much appropriate and effective response.

The number of refugees and migrants seeking access irregularly in Europe has increased considerably. There is also a change in profile of the visitors. Historically, the number of migrants in majority, who takes entry in Europe by using irregular channels, was single males. Today the male members along with their families, young children, and the disabled and elderly member of the family are together making their journey. The routes taken by them are often highly dynamic and quickly shifts in accordance to the new restrictions in security or border concerns in transit nations and more risks are taken by the people. The present situation of the migrating children who are in particular travelling alone is an issue of concern. The unaccompanied children often disappear from after arriving to the Europe which gives rise to the assumptions that they have been kidnapped by the human traffickers. The peoples in large numbers who seeks to visit Europe mainly for income purposes. These people follow the similar route as followed by the people involved in violence and fleeing conflict.

The member states of EU have implemented legal commitments in long term under the refugee law and the international human rights in order to promote and protect the human rights of the migrants regardless of their status. The convention obligate states in order to grant refugees education, right to work, judicial and the housing systems and also protecting them from punishment for not legally entering the country.
The theory of non-recoupment which outlines the convention is a type of customary international law and hence binds all the states regardless whether they are convention signatories. Migrants who are not a part of the outlined criteria in the convention have been protected under the framework of broader international human rights. In the words of Black et al. (2014) there is presently no globally accepted legal meaning of migration. Regional bodies unlike others such as Organization of American States and African Union, the EU do not possess a convention of region on the refugees or a totally integrated general asylum or policy of migration though the law of human rights in Europe is implemented to protect all the migrants. The current system of EU asylum attempts in harmonizing the conditions and rules which are applicable to the asylum seekers all across the member states of EU. Although the commission of Europe has introduced quite a few proposals regarding the enhancement asylum policies and joint migration at the level of EU in current months are slow.

The management of Europe faces much criticism for the present crisis of migration, whereas the member states are exposed to an amount of actual challenges in practical and policy terms in framing a much effective response.

The plan of relocation has commonly been observed as a forward tentative step. As stated by De Haas and Czaika (2014) there are concerns related about how the agreement is enforceable, in particular the four states of EU voted against them, one of them Slovakia has given indications that they may start a legal challenge. More commonly, the calls repeated for a much comprehensive strategic and robust response are yet to observe results.

Despite, the task enormity, there remains quite a few concrete actions which may be implemented by the government of Europe in order to institute a more appropriate and effective response to the present crisis.
In the beginning, the government of EU in the way of their legal existing commitments may ensure the protection of all the refugees, but mainly children, women and other helpless groups regardless of their status of migration is the foundation of action and decision-making. Providing suitable protection to the migrants does not imply that the government may allow access to blanket. Rather, it identifies those who require the international protection and providing them the necessary protection accordingly and also for those whose claims for asylum are denied, in order to ensure their appropriate treatment which may include ensuring a safe journey to their own country.

The most practical and immediate terms which provides least amount of protection among all arriving migrants in Europe by irregular channels are meant to ensure that rescue and search operations of EU at the sea are robust and cover the vast geographic area, to ensure that the facilities of reception are adequate for the arrival of diversity and volume. Ensuring fair and swift processing of the asylum and suitable action once the status is determined.

The UN High commissioner repeatedly urges for the refugees, but there is similar urgent requirement in order to harmonize, improve and extend the access of legal channels to the EU. This may include in expanding significantly to expand the current programs of resettlements, which enhances the humanitarian visas or launches temporary global protection for those suffering from prima facie case for the status of refugees and enhancing family work or student reunification visas for people requiring international protection.

The interface of micro as well as macro factors lead to a situation that gives rise to migration. Australia has been witnessing a considerable amount of migration since the year 1945. The citizens belonging to different countries have been migrating to Australia for numerous numbers of reasons such as to find better employment opportunities, to make a good lifestyle, to generate a better living environment, to escape natural disasters or to prevent from political unrest going on in the country.

The micro factors that are influencing the migration of people to Australia mainly consist of informal social networking of the citizens. Here, the society keeps on becoming more complex as result of which it becomes difficult to explain a particular cause that would have contributed to the migration of these people. The country requires evaluating the migration policies to facilitate the economic and social welfare of the citizens. The factors that are to be considered while making up policies for the migrants are as such.
The personal characteristic of every individual is unique and is considered to be one of the major factors while making policies for the migrants. The ability of the migrants to adjust to the change in cultural and social environment of the host country helps the government to frame its policies. The level of academic education and the background of the individual contribute towards the factors that may directly affect the social welfare of the country.

The migrants belonging to countries that are facing a political unrest due to terrorist or situations similar to that may pose a threat to the host country as that can possibly lead to as arise of political misbalance in the country. The existence of networks of the individuals as well as the presence of their families within the country helps in deciding the policies that has to be adapted in context of the migrants. The existing relationship between Australia and the immigrant country helps in attaining the right policies for the people.

The economic stability of the individuals and the group of immigrants are an important factor to take into consideration while making the migration policies. The economic instability of the immigrants would have an adverse effect on the economic environment of the country and may also generate demand and supply imbalance in the country.

Australia also leads to evaluate the availability of resources that will be required to accommodate the migrants in the country. The unavailability of the required resources will in turn lead to an imbalance in the economy that would not be beneficial for the host country.

In the words of Reijerse et al. (2014) the process in which an immigrant or a group of immigrants institute social relationships and economic validity by making full utilization of the opportunities available in the host country is generally termed as settlement. When the migrants arrive to live in another country, it takes them some time to adjust or settle down in that country. The time needed in this process is said to be the settlement period. Although, the settlement process is of complex nature, the time of settlement required differs from person to person.

There are a large number of qualifiers that are required to be present in a host country in order to accommodate the immigrants from the other countries. According to Newman, Proctor and Dudley (2013) it is important to take into account the welfare of the society and the nature of its development. The developed countries are only liable to accommodate the immigrants as the host country like Australia does not scarcity of goods and resources in terms of growth in the country.

On the contrary, the developing countries need to frame a different policy structure for the migrants. Here, the host country at first requires financing its resources towards the development and welfare of its own citizens. Hence, the developing countries need to adapt a policy different than that of the developed countries.

The country like Australia needs to look upon the support that is available to the migrants. For example the support that may be available to them from the country the migrants belong to as well as from the other countries of the world. In the words of Koslowski (2014) the attitudes of the citizens within the country are also a major factor that the government requires to focus upon. This helps the government to analyze the social stability within the country and thereby decide the migrant policies that has to be implemented.
The settlement services given to the migrants, fall under the duty of the department of immigration and citizenship of Australia. Much of the immigrant services are delivered by the non-government sectors. The quality of services provided helps to initiate the development of appropriate policies in the level of the services associated with settlement support.

According to Hugo (2014) the services provided for the settlement of the immigrants may be delayed due to high quantity of demand such as housing and fooding facilities. Here, the government needs to intervene and access the settlement procedure to improve the quality and quantity of the settlement services provided to the immigrants.

The immigrants from the various countries belong to different cultural backgrounds. As stated by Kell et al. (2014) it becomes difficult for the host country to manage the diversity of the large number of immigrants or refugees. The educational as well as health systems are required to be analyzed and transformed for the sustainability of the multicultural and multi lingual diversities. In order to facilitate the existence of various cultures, Australia requires building a high quality of data that would help the agencies such as ABS and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare to undergo an independent research that can be publically funded.

The lack of subsequent relevant data is one of the major obstacles in the way of attaining equity in the promotion of health and prevention of illness. Therefore, Australia needs to focus on building an efficient and adequate policy structure towards the betterment of the country and the world as a whole.

[Download not found]

Download