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It is one of the main parts of the report stating several conditions for making some of the feasibility on the building I are referring here for consideration. This part of the report contains some of the topics on which the overall healthy environment of a building depends. Here as per the assignment brief I have the parts I need to be considering here. So, the parts of the report are determining various zones for different usage, different kind of opportunities for the ease of healthy environment in terms of light, ventilation and thermal mass along with it one another most important topic to be discuss in feasibility report is the energy use in the building and how I can make some modification in it along with the implementation of renewable energy sources.

1. For the 1^st part of the assignment I have been asked to make a discussion related to the zoning of the different sections in the building. It contains several methodologies to select the proper positions or the places where I can make a particular place in the building. As an example I can say that, if I consider the building as a commercial building or a house hold building then the places for each room in the building will be different as per the requirement. So, I can say on the basis of the exact requirement of the building I can make a possible characteristics of the place of the rooms needed. Like the design I have in our hand is given below.

The usage and the purposes of different sections of the room are to be clear as per the requirement therefore here a table is being inserted for the detail information of the different zones of the building. As the color codes are there in the design so it can be easily demonstrated by the design parameters.

Table: Different zones or portions of the building with their usage

As I can see the proposed model of the building shows the different sections of the room clearly with the color code. The purpose of the individual positions is also written one can observe this clearly in the pdf file of the design.

2. In this second part of the assignment brief related to the feasibility report I have to discuss about the various aspects of some comfortable internal conditions of the building I have taken for consideration. For the selection of the opportunities I need to check what are the actual needs to maintain internal comfortable conditions of a building? According to our research I get the overview that the mains things I need to implement are the day light, natural ventilation and the thermal mass management of the building. Along with these all some of the other requirements are day light, ventilation, heating arrangement and the air conditioning also.

Therefore, if I observe carefully all this parameter it will make a most feasible option for every structural building, purpose can be anything. Since, I worked with some of the basic features of the comfortable condition so it will help a lot for every kind of building as per their own shape.

Daylight:

For maintaining a healthy condition in a building I need to make a possible condition for the building to get the daylight throughout the day of that place. Since, I have an artificial lighting scheme in the building so in general there is no need of day light but in the view of the human psychology and the perspective if I can see something in day light and I can stand in front of the day light it means a lot and brings some freshness. It will help to maintain the general comfortable condition in a building along with all necessary points I have. For that reason, the most important thing is the elevation of the building I have. If I can add a larger amount of glass paneling on the external wall like any other building, then at the day time I can get a sufficient amount of day light. Not only that it will also help us to maintain the consumption of electricity of the building and allow us for the reduction of the carbon emission. This is all about the day light of a building to get a healthy environment inside the building.

Fig: Daylight in office building by using glass panels on the external wall and roof top of a building

Ventilation:

Two types of ventilation systems will be used as some locations will need its own type of ventilation, the first will be the single sided ventilation it’s the best option as not many locations in the building across ventilation system can be done, another reason the single sided ventilation system is chosen is because it can have the air circulate bringing in fresh air and taking decayed air out, using windows with top and bottom openings can ventilate the air even if there’s little or no wind at all, as that would allow convection currents into the area to eject the hot air through the top opening and get the fresh air from the bottom opening this is also known as the stack ventilation. The second type of ventilation is mechanical and that type of ventilation can be done using the all air system installed so for example the lecture theatre would be ventilated using the all air system which is its air conditioning system on the other side natural ventilation would be used for offices and it rooms.

Fig: Self rotator fan for efficient ventilation of a building (Energy efficient methodology)

Heating system:

The heating system which will be used and which best fits the building are radiators, they will be placed in the locations where there will be no air conditioning such as corridors and stairs etc. radiators are meek and tidy, most people are familiar with radiators which makes it easy to use, they don’t need as much maintenance and have good control over the temperature hoIver there are a variety of radiators which can be chosen from for the specific features needed.

HoIver, radiators also have their limitations which consist of a slow process of heating along with overheating the space in which the radiators are in and lastly a big amount of heat can be lost if poor ventilation is used. Radiators generate the heat from the fuel in a central plant and release from the heat emitters.

Air-conditioning:

The air conditioning chosen for the building are an all air system this is because maintenance for this type of air-conditioning is done on inactive areas which is good for academic buildings; it’s one of the best choices for humidity and temperature control along with synchronized cooling and heating in different places.

Also, a fan coil system is chosen as it controls heating and cooling for every location individually also its low cost for standard units and easy control system makes it an easy choice to choose, another big benefit is that fan coils come in variety of shapes and sizes to suit the needs.

Conversely both of these systems have their downfalls, for the all air system the main one is it can be hard to balance the air due to how big of a system its. Fan coil main is that fresh air is restricted when using this system along with having high noise levels than other systems, when maintenance is needed it can disturb the occupiers as Ill as there being risk of damaging the fabric and lastly the capability to control air circulation is difficult.

Opportunities for Controlling Different Parameters:

As we have already discussed all of the different parameters related to the building thermal conditions and lighting schemes therefore we must add some of the techniques available in present market to get the optimal solutions in terms of the ventilation, cooling, heating and lighting.

Natural ventilation:

Natural ventilation is a very basic thing but one of the most effective way also to assure a proper fresh air flow in the building by exiting the heat generated air in the building. For this current scenario as we are looking for some solutions which are very cost effective therefore according to me the implementation of self-rotating roof mounted fans are best option which will be able to suck the hot air on the top of the building and can also make a possibility to throw it outside. In this process the main limitation is, it needs regular maintenance and in some cases water leakage from the roof can be observed.

Natural lighting:

For natural lighting we can use toughened glass walls on the external side of the window. As we can see in the design the one side of the office spaces are attached to the external portion of the building therefore we can use glass panels on those sides so that we can get an appropriate amount of day light on the office spaces hence it will help to reduce the energy consumption of the building.

Along with this if we can use some semitransparent panels on the roof of the building then it will be also very helpful to keep the daylight on in the building.

Heating and cooling:

As per different season weather conditions in summer we need cooling as well as in winter we need heating in a building. Therefore, the usage of glass panels on the external walls will help a lot by providing a nonconductive surface. The glass panels will not allow exiting the heat in the building to outside as well as in summer season it will keep the cool environment from the external environment. For cooling basically in such large buildings we need a centralized cooling. If possible we can implement solar powered air conditioning system will help a lot for energy saving purposes.

3. In this part of the assignment I have to discuss about the electrical energy use and the consumption of the building. The reason behind it is to ensure the optimal condition related to the energy consumption of the building as Ill as the energy usage gives us an idea about the emissions also. On the other hand, if I am able to reduce the energy usage then automatically I can get a complete healthy environment. Along with this also I have discussed the basic arrangements I can do in the context of the renewable sources of the energy.

An energy strategy would be used to decrease the use of energy and carbon emissions and that can be done by decreasing demand through energy efficiency. There are two alternatives for energy source, they’re the gas fired technology and solar water heating, mainly because they’re loIr than most of the other technologies. Gas fired CHP uses electricity and heat from boilers as its combined heat and poIr techno. For this source it captures the heat and spreads it to heat the building, energy would be lost in the distribution of poIr to the building hoIver the CHP would save energy when it’s being generated locally. The heat rejected would usually lead to a net saving in primary energy. The CHP units are mostly maintained by the supplier under a long-term contract and this is because CHP unit needs to be maintained regularly, CHP might be expensive hoIver it’s a long-term investment as it will help achieve energy cost savings and will provide environmental benefits. Solar hot water heating uses the sun as its energy source to heat water this is done using a heat collector one of the main benefits is that free energy is used and provided, its efficient, save money on bills for fuel as Ill as loIring carbon footprint, they’re very sustainable hoIver they would need a backup heating system such as a gas boiler.

Along with all of the energy usage parameters I can also implement some of the renewable sources of energy to reduce the energy usage like a complete solar structured roof is one of the best technique for such kind of structural building and also I can make a complex form of solar energy by implementing solar paneling throughout the external walling of the building and it is so obvious that it will help a lot for the reduction of the energy consumption.

Along with the CHP unit we have discussed earlier in this part of the report we are also going to elaborate the different usage of electrical energy and the possibilities of reduction of them. Since we are going to reduce the consumption of electricity I think usage of renewable sources are one of the most common and efficient technique can be implemented in the building environment.

The most power consuming devices are air conditioning unit, heater unit and in some cases we can say water heaters and huge number of lights are also some over consuming devices. Therefore, the energy consumption can be reduced by the help of usage of glass paneling on the external walls so that we can avail day light and there will not be any need of artificial lighting. In case of most consuming devices like air conditioning and heaters we can use renewable source of energy like solar powered energy by using solar panels on the roof of the building. Therefore, it will indirectly related with the design of the building also. Now as we can see for usage of those equipments we can use solar powered control systems along with it the elevator and some cooking instruments will also be there in the building and those will also have some consumption. The energy consumption of those devices can be generated from wind energy by using the self-rotational exhaust unit on the roof as wind energy generator and by using some power bank unit the elevator and some cooking equipments can be used. This is how the sustainability can be achieved for the usage of electrical energy of a building.

Detailed Design Folio

Here in this part of the assignment the main motive is to make some of the design related to the building mechanical and electrical parameters. The main thing in the mechanical part of the building is about the comfort conditions and in the electric part of the building consists of the loads of the building and there usage in different for different section to make a comfortable condition throughout the building.

1. In this part of the assignment I are doing some main things related to the thermal condition of the building. The thermal condition of the building consists of some useful sub parts those are winter heat loss and the summer heat gains. The reason behind taking these two topics for the thermal simulation are to get a very prominent comfort condition into the building.

First I included the summaries related to the comfort for various aspects of the building. In this context the main thing is building thermal performance. I know the thermal behavior of a building is an important thing. The thermal modeling is also depends on the various shape and the structure of the building. For that reason, if I intend to design the building environment I are supposed to make the thermal modeling of that particular building. Basically there are four types of building plans are available for such kind of thermal modeling. The types of the buildings are Tall slender, shallow plan, deep plan and deep plan with atrium. For both of them the related building types there thermal mass and head exchanging capabilities I need to calculate the heat exchange of the walls at the season of summer and in winter. The reason behind it is, at the summer the procedure is heat gaining and in winter the procedure is heat loss.

The comfort conditions I need to maintain at the time of the various seasons like summer and the winter. If I will be increase the temperature at the winter season, then it will be considered as the comfort condition. Also if I can make a reduction in the temperature then it will be shown as the comfort condition. For this kind of scenario in the summer season there are various techniques are available to reduce the temperature. And also there are so many techniques are available to increase the temperature in winter season.

Since there are so many techniques are available but to control the temperature of the building with the help of most cost effective technique is the motive here. For that reason I need to study the heat loss and the heat gain methods for different process. Mostly the heat loss and the heat gain are occurred by the help of three methods these are conduction, convection and radiation. At this situation if I can make a mathematical modeling for the building then I will be able to make a possible way for controlling the temperature of that particular building I have taken into consideration. For both of the technique available for heat and thermal simulation I have done with the mathematical calculation to ensure the optimal solution for our case study.

Conduction:

The heat transfer mechanism called conduction is a method of transferring heat with the help of some solid structural material. For the case I have taken for consideration I the solid medium can be taken as the external wall. In summer season when the temperature at the outside of the building will increase at that time with the help of conduction the heat can flow into the building and I can feel a higher temperature inside the building.

Fig: Conduction heat transfer

Convection:

It is also one of the important method of heat transfer can be considered as the reason of temperature increase into a building. The convection mode of heat transfer is based on the movement of the molecule. Since, in natural condition I cannot avail a movement in the molecule of a solid for that reason the convection is related to the gas and liquid. For our case study if I allow the wind to come into the building at the time of summer season for a general ventilation purpose then it will help in the increment of the temperature of the room. Also at the time of winter season if I allow the entrance of the cool air through the window and the ventilators automatically I will get a cooler condition into the building.

Radiation:

The radiation is also one most important method of transferring heat from one place to another place. The radiation can takes place both in the gas and vacuum medium. So if I will be able to make such a condition to have a reduction of flow of the heat then also the radiation will takes place to increase the temperature.

Fig: Convection and Radiation heat transfer

For all these reasons it is necessary to make a feasible condition to get rid of these issues.

Now, here in this part I have to do some of the calculations so that I can make a conclusion to have an optimal option. At the time of summer season if I want to make a cooler condition then I need to flow a cool air with the help of ducts. The size shape and the mass of air flow depends on the room temperature, outside temperature as Ill as the number of people in the room, because when I are going to design such things I have to consider all of them. For the case study of our proposed design then calculations are stated below,

Summer condition evaluation is done here in the first case,

Room moisture content (g_s) = 0.0098 and (g_h) =0.0074

Now, for this kind of scenario I need to perform the mathematical calculations to get the healthy environment. The healthy environment will be observed only by flow of air by the duch in terms of hot air and cooler air in various perspectives.

Now the air to be flow for maintaining this kind of temperature condition throughout the building is,

For consideration I are assuming there are 30 people are available in the building and as per the requirement each person needs an amount of 10 L of air for healthy condition at this temperature condition I have in this scenario.

Total amount of air required in this case, 30 x 10 = 300 Lit

Now I need to find out the fresh air cooling duty, it is defined as the multiplication of the volume of the air flow and the change in the enthalpy.

Sensible cooling by the help of primary cooling,

Since, the primary air will provide an amount of 2.42 Kw of sensible cooling the room unit will only need an amount of (3-2.42) = 0.58Kw of sensible cooling.

Here the supply temperature has to be only more than that of the dew point. So the temperature becomes 

For the sufficient fan cooling the mass flow,

The result can be get with the help of these mathematical calculations is stated in the tabular format in this part of the report,

This is how I can make some kind of mathematical modeling in terms of getting a comfortable condition into a building. Along with all this thing if I need to maintain some of the thermal betterment of a building then I have to follow some of the methodologies. Since, in the summer season there will be high heated air flow so I will not be able to open the windows that can increase temperature of the room, but I ventilation is very much important too. So, the necessary steps to be followed for the betterment of the thermal condition of a room are stated below,

• If possible, make a hollow portion at the external wall that will help a lot both in the summer season as Ill as in winter season by reducing heat loss and heat gain.
• Avoid the opening of the windows in the day time because it will help the entrance of the hot air and by the help of convection the building inside temperature will increase.
• If possible at the time of construction use hollow bricks that will make a blocked air pocket inside the wall and will make a suitable and comfortable environment in the building.
• If it is needed to open the window, then try to manage the opening of the windows such that the cross ventilation may occurs at the upper position of a building.
• The face of the building has more exposed part to the direct sunlight that side should be reflective, I can use reflective glossy glass paneling on those sides. It will help a lot by reflecting the sun light as Ill.
• All this methodology will help in winter season also by reduction of the heat loss.

As per the above long hand calculation we have already stated the different parameters of changing the heat energy or heat transfer methodology we are now going to elaborate the different conditions of it. As we can see for a sustainable design scheme we need to make such condition in which we will be able to get the less heat transfer from building to external weather. In case of winter season, we can see there is a heat loss from the building to outside environment. Therefore, in the design it is shown that the external walls are made of glass paneling so that the heat loss in terms of heat loss will be minimal, because the glass panels are having a very low rate of conduction.

In case of summer season, we also need to maintain the building temperature which has been controlled by the air conditioning device. Therefore, in this case also glass material will be most optimal option to reduce the heat loss.

In the previous part of this section with some of the long hand calculations and assumed temperature to the inside and outside of the building it has been calculated about the heat transfer from the building to the environment in winter season and also the heat transfer from environment to the building will be there in an opposite manner for summer season. In both of the cases we need to use some renewable source of energy for maintaining the temperature conditions of the building so that the power consumption of the building will be less. We can deploy solar panels on the roof top of the building and can be feed to the controlling devices.

2. This part of the assignment describes all about the electrical parameters of the building I have. Basically the terminology used in the electrical simulations of a building is the load distribution of a building and the related equipment’s and usage of accessories. The overall load can be found out from the data given. According to them I will be able to prepare the actual load and its demand. Some of the useful topics are to be consider in terms of electrical usage are the reduction of electrical usage. So, I can say the main motive of such kind of building electrical management studies just for finding out the most optimal solution for a building. For our case study I are considering the design of the building what I have made.

This part of the assignment contains the electrical requirements. The requirements are in terms of the load distribution and the distribution diagram of that schedule. So, I have divided this particular part of the assignment into two parts the first part contains the mathematical modeling and the second part contains the distribution diagrams of the building for different floors. For designing this kind of distribution I need to find out the actual load and the consumption on the basis of those quantities I will be able to find out the exact requirement of the fuses and their current ratings.

Before doing the mathematical calculation the most important thing is to check the different accessories are attached with the electrical supply line. As I can see the data given there are mainly two kinds of line are available one is the single phase service line and another is the three phase service line. The single phase service line is used for the general arrangements related to the electrical accessories and the three phase line is used for the other high consumption accessories like the air condition arrangements and the boiler arrangements of the building. First I are doing the calculations related to the single phase arrangement I have for this building.

As per the given data in the poIr point presentation I have calculated the load and the consumption in the building. That consumption of the building will be termed as the poIr requirement of the building.

Consumption at the floor 1,

For the floor one the general accessories are given with the single phase supply I have the total ampere consumption of,

6 x 6 = 36 Ampere for lighting

5 x 30 = 150 Ampere for ring mains

As a whole the consumption is about, 186 Ampere

For the second floor the total ampere consumption is about,

(5 x 6) + (5 x 30) = 180 Ampere of current consumption

For the third floor the total current consumption is about,

(6 x 6) + (5 x 30) = 186 Ampere of current consumption

PoIr consumption in the third floor of the building,

This is all about the requirements of the electrical energy of that building in terms of single phase equipments are connected in the building.

Now, individually I considered the three phase accessories connected in the building. The accessories connected in the building three phase line are basically the maximum consume devices like air condition equipments and the boiler plant equipments.

In the air condition control panel, it is termed as 24 Kw in 400 Volts and in the boiler control panels it is termed as 12 Kw in 400 Volts, both are in three phase line.

For this purpose, if I consider the requirements of poIr, then as an assumption taking throughout the year the usage is about 75% of the total load.

Current consumption in air condition unit,

Therefore, the total poIr consumption in the building per annum is given by the addition of the poIr consumption in single phase line and the poIr consumption in three phase line is given by,

With the help of such kind of calculation I will be able to find out the exact requirement of poIr in a building. Here in this part of the report I have done with the total poIr requirement for both the tree phase and single phase service line. I have considered all the accessories used in single phase line and the accessories in the three phase line also. Though, the equipments are connected in the three phase line are the heavy machineries in terms of poIr consumption but the most used or consumed part of the building are the general accessories like the lighting sources and the main rings.

The need of such kind of calculation is to find out the material used. The materials are using for the electrical distribution system in a building are basically conductor wire, main switches, bus bars, fuses. The main motive of the calculation is to find the rating of the fuses I am going to use for this proposed distribution system. Until or unless I don’t know the current consumption of the electrical equipments it will be very difficult to us to find out the ratings of those materials.

Since, we have done with our long hand calculation for determining the power consumption of the building by different means, but the Kw consumptions are different for different devices therefore here I need to clearly state the consumptions of different sections for usage of different devices in a table to make it understandable easily.

This is the data we have calculated for the Kw consumptions in the building in different sections as per the devices used and their scheduling.

For detail sizing and selection of the materials needed to be used in this design validation plan depends on various parameters like the area and the volume of a particular room will be needed for calculating the exact requirement of the cooling capacity of the air conditioning device. As per the calculation there we have the current ratings of different devices and according to them the sizes of the electrical conductor wire, switches. MCB, fuses all have to be chosen.

Conductor wires are to be chosen as per the current rating of the devices used in the building. But at the time of choosing or sizing of the conductor wires the wires should have a higher rating than the device current rating so that a slight over current cannot damage the conducting wires.

For choosing the switches the current rating must be followed for individual equipments so that any kind of burning or heating may not arise in the entire system. Any loose connection in the switches can also damage the by means of flash and burning.

For the selection of the sizes of the fuses we need to use such fuses which are having a slight higher current rating for the device so that any over current may not damage the, devices. The fuse will be helpful to make a permanent cutup of the entire circuit.

1. This part of the report contains the detail design folio of the electrical or electro mechanical installation plan of that particular building I have taken for consideration. Since I have done with all the related calculations of electrical parameters for the building now it is very easy to make the design scheme in terms of the distribution circuit design of the electrical system. So here how will be the connection to be made in that building stated with a proper manner. The design scheme made on the basis of the positions of various components of various parts like the bus bars, switching board, fuse panel and also the ring mains. The exact procedures of the taking tapings from the three phase line for the usage of single phase is shown in the figures here for this design scheme.

As the first part of this question states about the detail drawings of the circuit and the control panels I are making all of them such a manner so that the reader can understand everything without any complexity.

Fig: general assembly of the design schedule of the electrical arrangement.

Fig: cross sectional view of the bus bars and main switches assembly

Fig: Single phase and three phase design plan

For this part of the assignment the need is to prepare the basic planning of the installation of the various components and the electrical equipments in the building I have taken for consideration. The plan is something like this, the building contains some of the single phase equipments and some of the equipments are three phase in use. For both of the equipments I are supposed to make the horizontal bus bar system as shown in the above figure. From the above arrangement complete main ring vertical bus are to be setup for making the connection in different floor. For such kind of methodology, I can use a single phase from the tapping of the three phase bus bar system I have. As I have different loadings in different section for that reason at the time of selecting the conductors in the load line the sq mm or the cross-sectional data of the conductors are necessary without those data I will not be able to provide a load on those service lines.

2. In this part of the report I need to discuss about some of the general things followed in this kind of design process. Throughout this whole assessment the purpose is to do the needful design plan in terms of the mathematical calculation so that I can get an optimal solution from every aspect. For this discussion part one question may arise that is the need of this kind of design. The design practice is a thing from where I can virtually realize a practical thing.

On the 1^st part of the report the need was to prepare the feasibility report of the building considered here. For the discussion of the 1^st part the main topics I have included there is the environmental comforts. The environmental comfort features are completely based on the thermal condition of the building and the ventilation of the building. If I are going to make a suitable and comfortable condition inside a building the things are to be considered are day light, proper ventilation of the building, the heating or cooling mechanism of the building and many more things. I have discussed all those things in this report.

For the second part of the report, it can be termed as one of the crucial part of the assessment. The reason behind it is, the thermal modeling of the building and the process of the heal gains in the summer season and heat loss in the winter season is described in this section. Not only the theoretical discussion is there, along with all the discussion the mathematical calculation is also provided. The mathematical calculation says about the temperature gradient and the heat exchanging behaviors a building. The process for resolving those issues also discussed in this part of the assignment. After that one more thing is also shown in the report. It is basically the electrical energy management and related calculations. The electrical management is very much necessary for this kind if environmental analysis because it provides certain things which can be implemented in a building to get rid of some problems. For the part usage of energy, I have calculated all the energy usage of the building and based on it I have also found out the annual energy consumptions. Some of the renewable sources are also discussed. The use of renewable sources in this project is not done but for reduction of the emission of carbon dioxide I can arrange them such that I may not face any problem as Ill as I can manage to reduce the energy consumption. These are the very basic things I have followed in this report. A further higher quality research can give us a more suitable result. If I will be able to arrange all of the possible ways, I have discussed then I can obviously enhance the natural and comfortable condition into the building.