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The Aboriginal and Torres Islander people of Australians feel huge challenges in healthcare due to ineffective communication process. In this regard, several cultural practice programs, introduction of technology are currently being introduced within Queensland heath for applying the effective communication approach with Aboriginal people. According to the view of Roter & Hall (2007), the communication challenges are there due to language issue, concept regarding time difference and the communication styles of aboriginal Australians. According to the statistical data of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS, 2011), there are around 16.6% Aboriginal Islander people who cannot speak at all or well English. Due to the cultural and linguistic difference between Aboriginal clients and non-Aboriginal health staff, the communication difficulties occur as the vital barrier in case of the improved health service. The poor interaction skills can be counted as the crucial concern during interacting with the medical professionals regarding healthcare related service.

Media Collection 1:

Clarke.C. (1.3.2010) Trained interpreters improve patient and provider satisfaction, says survey. Health Leaders Media. www.healthleadersmedia.com/physician-leaders/trained-interpreters-improve-patient-and-provider-satisfaction-says-study

The above media collection has focussed on the improvement of the patient and the provider satisfaction through the help of trained medical interpreters. The utilisation of the trained language specialists is highly advantageous for assisting the physician-patient communication method with the non-English speaking patients like indigenous Australians.  The trained health care interpreters are able to reduce the liability and enhance the client adherence and also satisfaction in patient communication (www.healthleadersmedia.com). Thus, the help can be provided through such trained interpreters for assuring the effective communication between the provider and client and also improves the final outcomes. As per the policy research conducted by Mathematica, it has been found that the utilisation of the professional interpreter service is not only useful for the patients but also for the providers which can involve doctors, discharge nurses and trained nurses. As per the Mathematica report, the development in the level of satisfaction is not only limited within the providers and patients. The improvement can also be found among the professional interpreters in regards to the quality for care (Germov & Freij, 2013). There are the major barriers in terms of effective communication in the healthcare, which are cultural and language barriers. In this regard, recently, Joint Commission had released few new standards, various interpreter certification programs. These kinds of programs are helpful for accrediting the work of the interpreters for working various healthcare settings. This kind of programs also improve the communication approach for providing instructions about taking medication, making conversation with family and providing information regarding prognosis and diagnosis.

The territory and State governments have the entire responsibility to ensure that the interpreters are totally available when required for assisting the service providers in healthcare services. There are the mainstream interpreters in all territories and states who offer the series of the international languages. There are mainly two types of interpreting services in Australia, such as the Northern Territory Aboriginal Interpreter Service and the Northern territory and Kimberly Interpreting services (www.healthleadersmedia.com). If the interpreters cannot be trained effectively due to cultural issues and values, then problem in communication might arise in healthcare. The professional interpreters are restricted to follow the crucial code regarding ethics about impartiality, confidentiality, reliability and accuracy for certifying the linguistic competence. The lack of effective communication can be ended up with huge health cost. On the other hand, Willis & Elmer (2011) stated that the inefficiency of any provider on the compliance regarding medication regimen can produce the avoidable progression for hospitalisation. This type of survey can make the inference that high level of satisfaction might influence the decision of the hospitals regarding the hiring for interpreters for better communication in delivering the healthcare service. On the other hand, if there is the appropriate and effective communication can be made with the patients, then there is the high chance for offering increased level of quality in care.

Media Collection 2:

Davey, M., (26.3.2016) ‘I’m too young to die’: the disease of disadvantage forcing Indigenous children to have open-heart surgery. The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/mar/26/im-too-young-to-die-the-disease-of-disadvantage-forcing-indigenous-children-to-have-open-heart-surgery

This specific media collection is putting focus on the rheumatic heart disease which causing the indigenous children through the irreversible and severe heart damage. The Northern Territory of Australia is mainly composed with the remote and rural indigenous communities. Few children and teenagers have to face the surgeries for several times as the indication of the health system. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is found among the rural, disadvantages areas, like Middle East, Island of Australia. The remote Indigenous communities are plagues by the social disadvantage. This kind of diseases cannot be properly treated by the clinicians, nurses and Australian doctors due to lack of effective communication.  There is the huge significance in obtaining the high communication level between the non-Aboriginal and Aboriginal people for obtaining the appropriate health services. Various communication barriers are causing the challenges behind the successful management of the health issues among Aboriginal Australian (www.theguardian.com). Considering the report of health research made by the Menzies school, the largest rate for acute rheumatic fever is there among aboriginal Australians. The indigenous people have the tendency for getting hospitalised more than the non-Aboriginal people of Australia. Along with the improved communication process for better healthcare, the attempt is made constantly for the improved healthcare along with the access for better living conditions, housing and the sanitation process among the Aboriginal Australian.

Media Collection 3:

Halpin, T. (16.12.2015) Health Services Explore New Technology to Overcome Language Barriers in Indigenous Healthcare. ABC News http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-15/indigenous-language-barrier-healthcare/7014630

Through this media collection, the focus has been provided on the health services by exploring new technology for overcoming the language barriers in case of the indigenous healthcare. Few health services have been tend towards bridging gap in Australia between indigenous and the non-indigenous health services. The arena about the health communication is increasingly receiving the attention through the doctor-patient communication and setting of agenda regarding various health issues. In this regard, there has been the significant emergence in the form of the scientific communication. The introduction of technology in healthcare service can make greatest developments. In this context, an app is planned for developing by the Central Australian Health Service for addressing several language barriers in the health service (Germov & Freij, 2013). This kind of app can be downloaded through the tablet and smartphone for accessing information regarding healthcare related service in Australia. The app can offer various information regarding healthcare settings. The smart phones can easily offer different health related information through the help of videos, photos, diagrams and written information. This could be more effective instead of only the hand delivery or verbal mode of communication with the Aboriginal and indigenous Australian people regarding health care related services. Thus, the technology could play more efficient and smart approach for making communication between Aboriginal people and doctors, nurses or other service providers. Therefore, the expansion in the field of technology can also play the crucial role for effective communication in the health service especially for Australian indigenous people. Through the usage of technology, the language barriers can be overcome through the Aboriginal Interpreter Service. Thus, the patient satisfaction among the Aboriginal group of people at Australian regarding the quality of healthcare can also be increased. Moreover, the patients’ perception would also increase about the medical service team and healthcare professionals. All would be able for delivering the police cautions through 18 Aboriginal languages. Aboriginal Australians can be helpful for taking the Islander Health Service by overcoming the communication issues through the advancement of the technology (www.abc.net.au). The communication issues arises for the Aboriginal and Islander people who are affected by the issues like provision of management plan and administration for the chronic illness, and major trust issues about patient and health worker. If the chronic conditions cannot be communicated properly, the health condition cannot be improved for the Aboriginal people of Australia. As per the report of the Australian Bureau of statistics in 2011, around 30% of Indigenous people of Australia feel difficulty for communicating with the service providers because of the speaking language usage other than English. As per Roter & Hall (2007), there are various divided culture groups in Australia. Various white Australian are not in contact with the indigenous Australians. The communication between the indigenous Australian and health professionals is the crucial problem due to the existence of various language groups in Aboriginal Australians. Hence, the awareness is required to enhance regarding the effective communication for promoting the interaction between indigenous and mainstream Australians. In this regard, the utilisation of the Indigeous health workers is highly significant.

Media Collection 4:

Kruger, P., Cass, A., Palmer, D., & Bannerman, M.  (3.11.2008,). Communication barriers exacerbating Indigenous health issue [Audio podcast]. ABC.Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2008/s2409271.htm

This media collection has presented several communication barriers which can exacerbate the indigenous health issues. Indigenous Australians do not live life like rest of Australians. The Aboriginal Australians face the higher levels of kidney disease, diabetes and the heart disease. Pollack & McCarthy (2010) stated that the chronic kidney disease can also occur more among the Indigenous Australians in compared to the non-Indigenous Australians. The lack of treatment can occur due to the lack of the communication between the patient and doctor. The effective communication between the providers and patients is affected due to different barriers. Due to not understanding the illness and the procedure for complicated treatments can make the patients of indigenous group really confused. The effective communication becomes hampered due to inadequate translation services. The successful communication needs the construct ring for achieving agreement between the patient and healthcare provider. This can bring the individual physical, cultural and social orientation along with the prior experiences. The health workers often use difficult medical terms which become difficult for indigenous people. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people  are needed to become aware regarding the differences in the verbal and the non-verbal communication, recognise the miscommunication and appreciating the variations through the cultural and linguistic approach for interactions. The Aboriginal Australians are also required for understanding the consequences regarding communication breakdown seriously. The major impediment for the effective communication for the aboriginal Australians  are the language, differences for the concept regarding time and the communication styles.

According to Steffensen & Colker (2009), language is the major barrier which can lead to often misunderstandings between clinicians and Aboriginal patients. The reason is that few Aboriginal patients are able to communicate through English which is majorly different from the standard mode of Australian English through meaning and pronounciation. There are also other misunderstandings which were produced as the outcome of the difficulty of the medical professionals for making communication through jargon-free and clear language with the Aboriginal patients so that it can be understandable (www.abc.net.au). Thus, this situation can lead to mistrust about the medical professionals among the Aboriginal patients.  The Aboriginal people are mainly lacked of adequate education and also confidence which highly create impact on the communication style .The Aboriginal Australian are also largely criticised  due to lack of interaction skill. As per the Western Model of care, a clinician’s technical competence can be considered to be enough for making patient satisfaction in health care service. On the other hand, the Aboriginal Australian is lacked of enough confidence and education for asking the relevant questions during any healthcare service. Often the tendency of such people is to become agree with the statement whatever had been said. The service providers often struggle for adjusting with the differences regarding the ‘concept of time’ applied by the Aboriginal Australians which hampers the communication indirectly and directly/

From the above mentioned it has been clear that indigenous people of Australia are less educated, poorer and remain on the society’s marginal level. The health services are not so easily accessible for these people. In this context, the ineffective communication due to language issue and inappropriate communication style has become major issue for Aboriginal Australians in health services. The introduction of appropriate cultural program and interpreting services are highly required to overcome the environment of such inappropriate communication in case of health service.

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