We Have Numbers Of Free Samples

Contents

• Summary (Abstract)
• Introduction
• Results
• External walls
  1. Description
  2. Type
  3. Condition
• Internal walls
  1. Description
  2. Type
  3. Condition
• Floors
  1. Description
  2. Type
  3. Condition
• Roof
  1. Description
  2. Type
  3. Condition
• Design and calculation of the structure
• Manual calculation and design scheme
• Conclusion
• Reference

Summary (Abstract):

In this report we are discussing the construction detail on a very useful topic, it is the detail outline of the construction of our own house. Whether it is a flat, or a complex or some individual house does not matter. We just gathered all construction detail like an investigation or survey to get the condition of the house on present situation. Not only the physical parameters are checked and incorporated in this report we also found the column, beam and slab structures. After finding the structure arrangements we have virtually modeled it in software tool and selected the material to get the load flow on it and for a clear visualization we have also performed FEA on the structures along with the manual mathematical calculations.

The reason behind the software simulation is to visualize the exact deformation of the beams which can be only calculated by manual calculation, but in manual calculation we will not be able to get a visual image of deformation structures due to dead loadings on the beams and the columns. We have also attached some images from different angle of the house we live. For every part we have to describe a distance view and a close view is which is attached here in the report. The discussion on the materials also included with this report for the context of internationalization. It means the house we are taken in to consideration situated in India. Since, we are considering a house in India, here with the help of the construction material brief we get to know the material properties in a particular country for their construction work.

The basic aim of this report is to identify the general structural arrangements of the house we are taken into consideration. For this context we have to calculate the loading condition stress, strain and the translational displacement for distributed loading. This is the basic aim of this report. Along with this we will get to know the different material used and their properties in different countries. What are normal standard procedures for any construction work? It is very obvious that the construction materials are different in all country. And their terminologies are also different to some extent. So the discussion on construction procedure is also an important role on the context of aim. If we are getting any failure in the construction structure, that has to be also taken into consideration. This can say detail information about the current structure. And hence from this we will get to know the failure mode analysis also.

Introduction:

Introduction is the part of every report where we get the basic intro of the project report performed throughout. Here in this part of the report we have discussed the very important and general aims and objectives of our findings and the reason behind this investigation. It is known to all of us the most basic requirements of human being to live with perfection are food, Cloths and Roof on their head. Among this three basic requirements one most important is the roof in terms of house for individual person to make them feel better and to make sure their existence from natural disasters.

The aims are,

1. To find out the general look from the outside of the house (Front elevation, Side elevation images).
2. To find out the general look of the outside walls from a distance and from very close view.
3. To view the general look of the inner walls from a distance and from very close view.
4. To find out the general view of the floor from a distance and also a close view to get a detail idea on it.
5. To find out the general view of the roof from a distance and a close view along with this a view of the ceiling of the house.

The objectives are,

1. To become familiar with the design scheme of the house we are using for investigation.
2. To get the clear view of the materials used in that particular construction job.
3. To become familiar with the mathematical calculations of the structures and get there structural strength.
4. For the result section we need to check the present condition of the house we are using for investigation.
5. To have a look on the present condition on the walls (inner, outer), floors, roofs for any failure to get a failure mode analysis.

Results:

In this part of the assignment report we are discussing the various aspects of the findings by means of which the observations are discussed clearly in detail in this part of the report. As the assignment brief says the step by step visualization and description of various parts of the house. We have done these all things accordingly.

1. In this part of the report we are discussing the brief discussion on the house by attaching its front and side elevation of the house. Along with it we have captured an isometric view in which we can see the front as well as side view together. With it a brief discussion is done in this part.

The house shown below with the front elevation view and roof is situated in India. This is a two storied house, it contains two bed rooms, one living room, one kitchen, one bathroom and along with it a garage in the ground floor of this house. On the first floor of this house there is two bed rooms just above the lower ones, one living room just above the lower one and a bathroom just above the lower one along with it there is a balcony called cantilevered verandah on the 1^st floor. It is basically 19 years old house on which the construction investigation is carried out.

For measurements we have used the measuring unit feet and inches according to their requirements. The front having a width of 36 ft and the elevation height is about 24 ft to the top of the roof. From the outlook of the house it is quite nice and along with it its built quality is more than enough. Since it is a 19 years old house and not painted for a long time the external wall colors are faded for present. The outer coating of the wall cemented with best quality cement (OPC), after a long time there is no issue on the outer walls for any kind of fatigue or cracks. Still there are small hair cracks are there at the outside of the wall it is due to high heat and sunlight.

Fig: Front elevation of the investigating house

 

Fig: Whole roof of the house

2. In this part of the report we are describing all about the property we are taken into consideration for the construction technology coursework.

The total area for this particular house is about 44*42 sq ft. the total buildup area is about 36*34 sq ft. The spaces on the two sides of the house is 3 ft as per the local corporation rule and the gap in the front is 6 ft and for back side it is 4 ft as per the corporation rules. It was built on the year of 2000 so we can say it is a 19 years old house.

There are two bedrooms having a size of 12*10 sq ft for both and a garage having a size of 15*12 sq ft. The stair case is a common part for ground floor as well as 1^st floor and to the roof also. It is taking a constant area of 12*8 sq ft. A common hall room come living room is there on the mid part of the house having a size of 34*12 sq ft. The bathroom and the kitchen are same in size almost about 12*6 sq ft situated on the two side of the living room.

The entire outer walls are 12 inch or 1 ft in thickness with the cemented plaster and all the inner partition walls are 7 inch in thickness with the cemented plaster. After a long time from its construction it was not painted to its outside that is why the external surfaces are not that much smooth but the inner side of the entire house is well maintained. The layout of the house is given in the design and calculation part of this report so that we can get a clear view of the entire property we have taken for construction survey.

This is the basic internal floor plan of the house. The beam and the column structure and there positioning are given in the figure above. The ‘C’ marked positions are showing the column position. It will help us to perform the manual calculation of the column and beam structure.

A. External walls:

The external walls of the property we are investigating for construction brief is shown in the figure below.

Fig: A very close view of external walls outside.

Description:

The brick work lay for the external walls are having a thickness of 12 inches with the two sided plaster work. The bricks are used in this construction are burn clay brick with two adjacent layers to make it a 10-inch-thick lay throughout the wall. On the both side of the wall the thickness of the plaster is 1 inch thick.

Type:

The external wall throughout the wall is very simple mainly the backside and the two sides are very basic only plane plaster is done on these three sides. On the front side there are some designs on the external surface of plaster. The entire wall is 12-inch-thick and the plaster on the inner and outer side is 1 inch thick. On the brick lay and plaster both of the cases 5:1 ratio used to mix the sand and cement at the time of construction.

Condition:

After 19 years of construction without any maintenance on the external wall it is quite good till now. The colors are used on the outer surface are faded but the plaster is just like as it is. There is nothing bad on the plaster. Along with it there is not a single crack on the external walls. Since the column structure is the main load carrying structure here. The walls are just partitions so there is not a single damage on it. But one thing is that the external surface of the external wall is much more rough compared to the inner surface of the wall.

B. Internal walls:

The internal walls are the basic partition of the rooms in a house as shown on the layout figure. Here is an attachment of the inner wall a distance view and a close view of it.

Description:

The inner wall of a house is the main partitions of different rooms nothing else. It is not a main part of load carrying object in the construction of any house. To hold the entire roof there is roof beams to carry the load of the roof. Therefore, the inner walls are thin compared to the external walls.

Type:

Same types of walls are there in the inner walls. These are made of burn clay brick and the sequence is only one layer throughout the wall the reason behind it is the only partition. Total thickness is almost about 7 inches for each inner wall with the two sided plaster having a thickness of 1 inch in both side. For both the brick work lay and plaster in the inner wall 5:1 ratio mixture of sand and cement used at the time of construction. To make the inner walls more smooth the plaster have been done with much more smooth smaller particle sand. Along with the inside portion of the external walls the inner walls are also coated with white cement before paint to make it more smooth.

Condition:

As we all can see on the close view of the inner wall it is well maintained in nature and due to absence of any natural disaster on the inner walls there is not a single defect in it. Repainting has been done before 4 years but still the colors are quite good. Not a single hair crack is there in the inner walls of the house. There is no swelling of the plaster from the brick layout of the wall.

C. Floors:

The floor is the most downward part on the house. It is the part which does not have any high dead load on it. The load experienced by the floor is just due to the items in the room and the live loading of the persons lives in the house. For ground floor the floor is made just above the ground but on the above floors like 1^st floor, 2^nd floor the floor is nothing but the roof of the below part.

Description:

The floor of the house is almost well maintained but somehow there are some dark patches on the white floor can be observed in the figure given in this part. The flooring of this house is kind of special which is very uncommon. On the ground the basic basement for the floor is made up of reinforced concrete having 8 mm TMT rod for the structure or cage of the reinforcement. Above this floor for beauty a very unique plaster is done instead of common tiles flooring or stone flooring. It is known as KG floor in local language for construction purpose. Its base color is white and so many colorful stones are there in this plaster on the white surface. It is quite good and shining is very nice after a long time.

Type:

It is known as KG floor on local languages for construction purpose. It has a smooth white surface with small colorful stones inserted in the white floor. After making this floor a long term polishing with soft grinding stones is required just like the stone flooring. After that it gets its shiny look and colorful stones look from its surface. Anyone can observe it from the close view of the floor surface attached above. It is a very long lusting flooring technique. As one can see there are some square portions are there on the floor separated like tiles flooring. It is due to maintenance, if a part of the floor is damaged then one can remove that particular part and can remake it so that at the time of maintenance the entire floor may not damage. That separation is done at the time of construction by inserting glass channels in to it.

Condition:

The overall condition of the floor is quite good as the observation done and one can see in the images attached with this part of the report. The surface of the floor is quite smooth in nature but there are some yellow patches on the floor for the ground humidity soaking on the floor. Overall shining is still there on the floor and no maintenance needed till now for 19 years of time period. One more thing is that if we observe clearly to the close view of the floor we can see there are so many scratches on the floor, this is because, the white cement is not that much hard as general cements used in construction. One can get rid of all these things observed on the floor by polishing the floor for several times.

D. Roof:

It is the top most part of a house we can observe in any house. Since it is the top most part at the time of constructing any house or building the builder must have concern about this part. The reason behind it is, the roof a house makes the internal parts of the house to stay safe from any natural calamities like sunlight, heat, dust, rain and many other things.

There are some very basic problem seems to some houses like soaking of water from the roof top at the time of rain or in rainy season. This is the worst thing for a house. Because a soaking of moisture into the roof can make the reinforced rods rusted and at that time the failure may occur on the roof with a crack and accident may happen. Here are the detail images of the roof of the house.

Description:

The roof of the house has same area as the buildup area of the house. There is not any kind of cantilevered extended part of the roof. For that reason, the roof is supported only on the column and beam structure and above the walls, it is the best thing and for that reason there is not a single crack on the roof after 19 years of time period. It is completely reinforced concrete with M20 grade of concrete mixture.

Type:

The roof of the house is a reinforcement concrete slab type structure having a thickness of 5 inches. In this structure the TMT rods are used 10 mm of diameter. For the steel structure at the time of construction the crank mechanism is used for making the cage.

Fig: Crank mechanism bar binding for slab or roof.

It is one of the most useful techniques for bar bindings in the slab and roofs. This technique was used at the time of construction. The cement, stone chips and sand percentage were about 1:4:4 ratio of mixing.

Condition:

Presently after 19 years of the construction till now there is not that much major issue on the structural strength. Only the most common problem is that, the water proofing layer on the concrete completely damaged on the roof. Due to rain and dust there are lots of algae on the top of the roof which is responsible for soaking moisture from air and rain water. That is the main problem on the roof top portion. And due to this there are so many hair cracks on the top of the concrete which needs to be coated with water proofing layers then it will be a long lasting roof. On the lower position of the roof that is inside the house, the ceiling is perfect there is not any issue like the top of the roof.

3. Design and calculation of the structure:

In this part of the report we just observed the house carefully and found out the locations of the columns and the beams of the house and the slab arrangements. Accordingly, a design of the column, beam structure is introduced in it so that one can understand the proper structural arrangement of the house. The isometric view of the house is given here to make the positioning clear to all. Only the design is being done for the ground floor because the 1^st floor is just the replica of the ground floor. This whole design, material selection and virtual simulations are done on CATIA V5R20 by applying the loads on the columns and beams of the house.

Fig: Isometric view of the beam and column structure

 

 

This is the case in terms of design of the foundation. From the foundation, step by step lower beam on which wall is there and the roof beam on which roof will be there designed in Catia and material properties selected after that the finite element analysis is performed. On which we have selected the boundary condition by clamping the footings of the column then the load application done. Distributed loading applied here. The maximum translational displacement is 0.0000175 ft. and the von mises stress is 2020000 N_m² all the results are shown above.

E. In this part of the report the discussion is based on the mathematical calculation on the beam structure of the house. The scheme is given below as per the assignment brief,

Fig: layout scheme of the house for ground floor 1^st floor is just the replica of it.

Here we found out the long span beam of the house and calculated the measuring parameters as per the assignment brief.

Loads on beam,

Calculation of shear force,

Calculation of normal shear,

Calculation of permissible shear,

Stress calculation due to distributed loading on the beam,

Here we are determining the maximum tensile and compressive stress due to bending,

For a high factor of safety let us take the compressive loading at the top of the column is about 1000KN on each column. Let us assume the axial load acting on it and along with this,

Now the stress expressed as,

Column cross section is a=304.8mm, b=304.8mm. Column height=3048mm or 10 ft. Modulus of elasticity taken for this case 10000 Gpa or 10000*10^3 KN/m^2

These are the basic calculations related to the beams and the columns given above.

Conclusion:

Here in this report the basic requirements are survey of an existing building or a house to check the construction parameters on the structural part of the house. For this purpose, the clear view of the various parts of a house is necessary. The elevation of the house, external walls, inner walls, floors and roofs are taken into consideration. Along with it the most important thing of this kind of assignment is to ensure the structural stability of the house. For that reason, a checking and an observation on depth regarding the position of the columns and beams is an important thing. For that purpose, all the requirements are observed carefully and accordingly the 3d model of the concrete beam and column made. On that particular structure we have also applied more weight than the estimated weight to check its stability. The simulation results are attached on the design section of this report. For each parts of the house after observation the images are also attached in this report to get a clear view on this topic. Hence finally we can say the outcome is very basic but the necessity of this kind of assignment is huge. For design optimization as well as personal learning on this kind of topics.

[Download not found]

Download