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As we have the word flow rate, it describes the details about the rate of flow of any substance generally liquid. It is measure by the volume that passes through a duct in unit time. The flow rate is a property of any kind of fluid that flows through any duct or pipe. That can be either measure by the help of experimental setup as well as it can be measured by theoretical calculations also. First we discussed here the basic requirements to find out the flow rate of a specific liquid. For our case it is water. Then on we have done the same on experimental setup to check whether the results are same or not if it is not same then what are the reason behind it. For basic purpose we have just shown the basic requirement for measuring the flow rate.

It is completely depends on the cross sectional area of the duct or the tube from which the fluid is flowing.

Q = Av

Where,

Q = The flow rate of the fluid measured by m³/sec or Lit/sec.

A = The area of the tube into which the fluid is flowing.

V = It is the value of velocity of fluid is moving.

With the help of this formula we can easily find out the flow rate of a fluid passing through a symmetric cross sectional tube. But if such kind of situation comes like, the tube is not symmetric at that time we need to calculate the flow rate with the help of Bernoulli’s theorem for pressure difference at various locations inside the tube.

From observation it can be easily find out for any situation. As we got the observation table from the experiment,

Run number	Mass of water (Kg)	Collection time (sec)	Weighing tank flow rate (Lit/ sec)
1	10	36.66	0.272
2	10	36.44	0.274
3	10	36.59	0.273
4	10	36.87	0.271
5	10	36.94	0.270
6	10	36.35	0.275
7	10	36.85	0.271
8	10	36.06	0.277
9	10	36.94	0.270
10	10	36.91	0.270

 

Here for getting this observation table the experiment is to be done properly so that there is not any kind of mistake happens. If any kind of mistake happens at the time of performing this experiment, we will not be able to find out the correct result. From the experimental setup we will get the result about its discharged mass of water and the time taken for that amount of discharge. From that data if we divide the amount of water by the time taken for that particular discharge, then we will get the unit discharge rate or flow rate. The measuring unit of flow rate is Ltr/ sec. After getting the experimental result we can also be able to calculate the actual flow rate by using Bernoulli’s theorem. For different kind of procedure, we will get different flow rate. For measuring the flow rate, we can use venturi meter, orifice meter etc. For all this kind of apparatus we have different kind of flow rate. We can also make a comparative analysis for making a comparison on these two kinds of apparatus outputs.

Some of the parameters those are very important for finding out the flow rate are,

1. The velocity, density and the viscosity of the fluid passing through any tube.
2. If there is any condition like the temperature at all the position is not same then the mathematical calculation will be more complex for calculating the flow rate, because the change in temperature may cause a density change on the fluid.
3. Some time for detail observation of fluid flow study we need to consider the overall length and the inner wall roughness of the tube to consider the turbulence of the fluid flow.
   • From the observation table the mean of the flow rate is about 0.2723 Lit/ sec.
   • For fin ding out the standard deviation we need to find out the mean, which is already available. Then we need to subtract the mean by the individual value and square the result. After that we have to find out the mean of the squared numbers. When we get the mean of the squared number then we need to make a square root of that number and we will get to know the standard deviation. Here for this case the standard deviation is 0.007218
   • If we can do the entire experiment with complete care on this whole topic and if we have the clear idea about the dynamic fluid flow theorems, then with the help of precision equipment’s the entire experiment can be done with hundred percent precision.
   • If we say about the discernible changes in the runs of the experiment then I can say clearly that, only the difference is in the time taken for same amount of water collection. This can be neglected since it is in fraction.

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