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Table of Content

• Phase 1
  • Task 1.1- Project Proposal
    • INTRODUCTION
    • RATIONALE
    • Literature review
    • Research methodology
• PHASE 2
  • TASK 2.1-PROJECT PLAN
  • Task 2.2-PROJECT ACTIVITIES:
    • LITERATURE REVIEW:
    • Primary Data analysis
    • Secondary Data analysis
• PPT
• Reference list

PHASE 1

Task 1.1- Project Proposal

INTRODUCTION

According to statistics, many accidents has occurred many air in the last few years. However, these accidents are occurred due to many reasons. Whether, it is technical faults, like engine malfunctions or any system malfunctions. Alternatively, the reasons can be any natural or humanly wrong going.

Aim

The main aim of the study will be to determine the report has highlighted the analysis of some recent and past aircraft accidents.

Objectives

• To investigating the main reasons behind the aircraft aviation accident.
• To Report every possible caution to prevent those reasons behind aircraft aviation accidents. Justifying the majors, which are undertaken, and some other recommendations.
• To spreading awareness about achieving fear free safe air journey.

RATIONALE

Here the issue is the aircraft accident. Air journey is considered as the safest travel among any journey, but if any kind of wrongdoing happened then hundreds of lives will be on stake.

In this report, the toughest job is to recognize one specific the reason behind any accidents because most of them occurred due to several reasons. As the air journey become more reliable, the mismanagements by the inexperienced pilots have increased by 50%.as being a complex machine operating system in a critical situation can be wrong sometimes. Like some wrong programming in the Flight management computer (FAC) can lead to miscalculation of required fluid uplift. However, there are some other prior reasons can come into mentions. Like 20% of aircraft, accidents occurred due to mechanical malfunctions, on the other hand, 10% due to bad weather or by sabotage.  According to statistics, there are also 5% of accidents occurred due to other several reasons apart from those.

Reasons Of Aircraft Accidents
Wrong Doing Of Pilot	50%
Mechanical Malfunction	20%
Bad Weather	10%
Other Reason	5%

Table 1: Statistical result of reasons behind aircraft crash
(Source: created by the learner)

Figure 1:  Statistical result of reasons behind aircraft crash
(Source: created by the learner)

As per the analysis, the rationality of the topic of this report is a major thing. For which our company Aerotech Engineering should concern about.

Table 2: Statistical result of aircraft crash
(Source: faa.gov 2019)

However, there are several types of aircraft are flying, starting from small jets to large jets. From the previous investigation, it has shown how much fatal accidents have been rising in different flights.

Literature review

As per the results from studies of previous records, every airline organization will be learned and upgrades its system of examination of faulty areas. According to Shappell et al. (2017), every airline is educating its pilots with several and tough session of training. The mechanics that are in the duty of examination of that aircraft are also trained to be very sharp, to do their job. On the viewpoint of Sumwalt et al.(2015), airlines have been learned a lot from their previous mistakes. The awareness has come with acknowledgment of faults. However, apart from awareness, there are several other methods are undertaken as preventive major of any aviation accident. On the view of Ud-Din and Yoon (2018), aircraft accidents are mainly caused by two reasons. One is humanly and another one is naturally.  In the case of human wrongdoing, there are several reason behinds any aircraft crash. Mechanical malfunction, pilot’s lack of experience in a practical manner, electrical malfunction, software malfunction anything can be a reason behind aircraft crash. On the other hand, Brown (2017), stated that nature is above all. Any unwanted bad weather factor like thunder, wind speed even a bird’s accident with propeller can be the reason for an aircraft accident. However in order to undergo the research work in a better way, real time investigation from various sources will be used for the purpose of presenting illustration and findings as a whole.

Research Methodology

Research methods:

This part will include all the measures, which will be included in this study. With the help of the underneath table, it will be shown that the tools used in this study are strategic in every manner.

Research methods	Tools used
Research philosophy	Post-positivism
Research Approach	Deductive
Research Design	Descriptive
Research Strategy	Survey
	Interview
Data collection method	Quantitative
	Qualitative
Data sources	Primary (Survey, Interview)
	Secondary (journals, industrial records)
Sampling method	Probability (Simple random sampling)
	Non-probability (Simple random sampling)
Sample Size	4 Managers, 15 Employees

Table 3: Research methods
(Created by the researcher)

Research Philosophy

There three types of Research philosophy, Post-positivism, Interpretivism, and Realism.

Here in this report, the research philosophy will be Post-positivism. It will help to gather, analyze, and utilize every data. In addition, it will deal with the efficient source from which the previous record and scenarios of an aircraft crash and the up gradation in precautions are taken after that, are considered. This post-positivism method of research will help strong conclusion in this research topic better than the other two methodologies, which are interpretive and realism.

Research Approach:

There are two specific kinds of research approach helps in analyzing the research study. The inductive approach helps the researcher to conduct an effective study. On the other hand, the deductive approach helps the researcher to have a proper analysis of accumulated data. Therefore, in the report on aircraft accidents and malfunctions deductive method of research will help to synchronize every data with each other, and create a base of the strong outcome.

Research strategies:

Here the reach will be done in a quantitative and a qualitative manner. The research will be done with data, which has been collected from survey and interview as the primary resource, and from journals, report charts, and websites as a secondary resource In this study data collection procedure will be given maximum amount of attention. Majority of the information will be sourced via means of qualitative as well as quantitative data collection procedures. In addition to it secondary method of data collection will deal with sourcing of data from industrial papers and governmental publications.

PHASE 2

TASK 2.1-PROJECT PLAN

The research about the project on aircraft accident and malfunction of aircraft will be started on MONDAY, 4 MARCH 2019 and it will continue up to 15 days.

First, two days 4th and 5th of the project will be justified with several questions. Lastly, it will come up with that specific question which will help to gather proper knowledge of the topic.

After that from 6 March to 16th of March, a quantitative serve will be conducted for 10 working days. In this survey, 35 employees associate with several departments of Aerotech Engineering will participate.

Figure 2(a): Grant chart of the project
(Created by the researcher)

Thereafter, 18th and 19th March, for 2 working days, there will be an interview session for maintenance manager, mechanical examiner, and field manager of Aerotech engineering.

After that 20 March, the complete case data will be analyzed and synchronized with the main objective of the project.

Table 2(b): Grant chart of the project
(Created by the researcher)

Task 2.2-PROJECT ACTIVITIES:

LITERATURE REVIEW:

Preventive measures are undertaken

As per the previous investigations, there are several cautions are taken and recommended to the aircraft industry. According to Brown (2017), there are several warning lights are situated almost everywhere in the cockpit. A pilot must have the knowledge of every warning light, and the warning lights must be checked before takeoff. These light warn the pilots about fuel, hydraulic pressure, light intensity, outside air pressure. On the other hand Kopardekar et al. (2016) stated, due to some electrical malfunction, these lights can be faulty some times. Thus, the pilot having the practical knowledge of any unwanted situation helps to prevent the upcoming disaster. According to CFII and MIcheal (2016), every mechanical system whether it is the propeller, engine, flue tank pump, wing blade everything is checked before takeoff. These measures of prevention can prevent flight from prevention.

Main reasons for disaster:

There are several types of aviation accident and incident occurred due to humanly or natural wrongdoing. On the views of Brown (2017), as people also getting the sense of air journey’s safety, sometimes the authority forgot to check on small things. On the other hand, CFII and Michael (2016), stated that there are several situations comes in the sky. From the past investigations sometimes, bad weather like thunder or sometimes a small bird strikes the aircraft. Hence to handle these kinds of situations need more experience as a pilot. On the views of Brown (2017), an aircraft is a complex machine. Understanding the mechanism of it properly need more experience and theoretical knowledge. Any kind of negligence in theoretical knowledge or lack of experience in the practical scenarios can lead the aircraft to the moment of disaster. According to De Boer and Dekker (2017), accidents due to natural disasters are also a matter of concern. However, the wind direction, fog, wind speed has effects on changing the flight time as well. A man cannot control nature but handle the sudden situation with tactful tricks, which comes with practical experience.

Figure 3: System failure
(Source: faa.gov 2019)

Primary Data analysis

The primary data has been collected in two ways. One is quantitative data collection another one is qualitative data collection.

Quantitative process:

Air accident investigation branch, UK always has a forward hand in investigation and prevention of aircraft aviation accident. Thus, getting proper and accurate data, 15 employees associated with this organization has been asked several questions according to an aircraft aviation accident. Some of the questions are open and shut question and some of these are open-ended.

Survey Questionnaires:

The quantitative questions are as follows,

1. How far do you agree bad weather situation during flight cannot be handled by any inexperienced pilots?

	Total No. of Respondents	No. of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	7	47
Agree	15	4	27
Neutral	15	1	7
Disagree	15	2	13
Strongly Disagree	15	1	7

Table 4: the result of the above question
(Source: created by the learner)

Figure 4: the graph of above the result
(Source: created by the learner)

As per the data, it seems that the majority of respondents, approximately 47%, strongly agree that bad weather situation cannot be handled by any inexperienced pilots at the time of aviation. On that same perspective, 27% of respondent always agrees with them although they believe that some new pilots can be more educated about handling situations than experienced old ones.  However, 7% of respondents have a neutral view on this matter. On the other hand, 13% disagrees that that in case of handling weather situation experience does not matter because every pilot had taught that lesson; however, application of that knowledge is something, which is come with experience only.

2. How much do think system malfunctions can be a reason behind air aviation accident?

	Total No. Of Respondents	No. Of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	5	33
Agree	15	4	27
Neutral	15	1	7
Disagree	15	3	20
Strongly Disagree	15	2	13

Table 5: the result of the above question
(Source: created by the learner)

Figure 5: the graph of above the result
(Source: created by the learner)

As per the graph, we can see that the majority approximately 33% and along with them 27%   agrees that aircraft is crashed due to system malfunction. However, 7% of respondents believe the reason behind craft crash can be anything so only system malfunction cannot be the only reason behind it so they stayed neutral in this question. On the other hand, 20% of respondents disagree that system malfunction cannot be a reason behind the aircraft crash. However, 13% of respondents along with them strongly disagree that aircraft aviation accident cannot be happened due to a system malfunction; it is assured with several other reasons along with it.

3. How far do you agree that the high-speed wind can be a reason behind air aviation accident?

	Total No. of Respondents	No. of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	2	13
Agree	15	1	7
Neutral	15	2	13
Disagree	15	6	40
Strongly Disagree	15	4	27

Table 6: the result of the above question
(Source: created by the learner)

Figure 5: Pie art of above the result
(Source: created by the learner)

According to then data analysis majority of respondents, approximately 40%, actually disagree that aircraft accident have been occurred by heavy wind. However, 27% of respondent strongly supported their disagreement. They will not consider heavy wind as the reason of aircraft aviation accident. However, 13% of respondents actually consider it as a neutral matter in this segment. They sated that high wind can be a reason of aircraft aviation accident if it is a bad day. Weather cannot be justified logically.

4. How much do you think the pilot’s practical training is important?

	Total No. Of Respondents	No. Of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	7	47
Agree	15	5	33
Neutral	15	1	7
Disagree	15	1	7
Strongly Disagree	15	1	7

Table 1: Result of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Figure1: Graph of the above Data
(Source: Created by the learner)

As per the study, of the data from the graph approximately, 33% to 47% of respondents agree with the fact that every pilot must go through some practical session of aviation first. On the other hand, only 7% disagree with this concept. They stated that the knowledge and practical session pilots have during their train that will be enough. There is no need for practical training.

5. How far do you agree that mechanical inspection is mandatory before takeoff?

	Total Number of Respondents	No. of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	4	27
Agree	15	7	47
Neutral	15	2	13
Disagree	15	1	7
Strongly Disagree	15	1	7

Table 2: Result of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Figure 2: Graph of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Here as per the data, the majority of respondent approximately, 27% to 47% of them actually, agree with mechanical inspection before takeoff. However, 13% of respondent, consider this inspection as an unwanted auspiciousness. Staying neutral in their answer, they stated that inspection only needed when any kind of suspicion arises. 7 % of respondents strongly believe that whenever an aircraft come from it sheds, the aircraft have checked with every safety measures. Hence, for, they disagreed with whole concept of inspection.

6. How far do you think fuel refilling should be done by only trustworthy professionals?

	Total No. of Respondents	No. of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	3	20
Agree	15	5	33
Neutral	15	2	13
Disagree	15	4	27
Strongly Disagree	15	1	7

Table 3: Result of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Figure 3: Chart of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

As per the data analysis, in this case of fuel refilling there is quite like a tie between people two different perspectives. 20% to 33% respondents stated that fuel refilling is a mandatory job and should be done by only professional. On the other hand, 27% of respondents disagree with this. They stated that fuel refilling is not that kind of high priority job, which need only professionals. It can be done by any persons if he goes by the rules as he has been ordered. However, 13% of respondents stated that fuel refilling in an aircraft is a tough job, it needs trained people but does not need highly professional. Hence, they stayed neutral in this question.

7. How far does u agree that cockpit-Warning Signals Cannot Be Wrong?

	Total No. of Respondents	No. of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	4	27
Agree	15	5	33
Neutral	15	1	7
Disagree	15	3	20
Strongly Disagree	15	2	13

Table 4: Result of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Figure 4: Graph of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

According to the survey data, it is seems that majority of people 27%- 33% of them actually have faith on that cock pit warning lights cannot be go wrong. On the other hand, 13%-20% of respondents stated that kind of electrical malfunction could be the reason of warning light disturbance.

8. How far do you think decision-making error by a pilot can be a reason behind aircraft aviation?

	Total No. Of Respondents	No. Of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	3	20
Agree	15	7	47
Neutral	15	1	7
Disagree	15	2	13
Strongly Disagree	15	2	13

Table 5: Result of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Figure 5: Graph of the above table
(Source: Created by the learner)

According to the survey, majority of respondents approximately 20% to 47% stated that during the aviation there are many kinds of situation rose, which only need right decision of flying by the pilot. Hence, they agree that any decision-making error can lead the flight to.

9. How far do you agree with that, rule violations by pilots at the time of aviation can be a reason behind the accident?

	Total No. of Respondents	No. of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	5	33
Agree	15	6	40
Neutral	15	1	7
Disagree	15	2	13
Strongly Disagree	15	1	7

Table 6: Result of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Figure 6: graph of the above Data
(Source: Created by the learner)

According to respondents, majority of them approximately 33% to 40%, stated that it is mandatory for pilots to go as per the rules which are recommended by the airline authority and sky traffic operators. They agreed that violation of any rule could be leading the air aviation to an unwanted accident. On the other hand, 7% to 13% of respondents stated that violation of any rule is not considerable but it cannot lead the air aviation toward any accidents.

10. How far do agree that humanly errors and violation are more reasonable causes than a natural disaster in aircraft aviation?

	Total No. Of Respondents	No. Of Respondents	Percentage
Strongly Agree	15	3	20
Agree	15	7	47
Neutral	15	1	7
Disagree	15	2	13
Strongly Disagree	15	2	13

Table 7: Result of the above Question
(Source: Created by the learner)

Figure 7: Graph chart of above data
(Source: Created by the learner)

As per the survey, approximately 20% – 47% respondents agreed with the fact that number of aviation accidents done by humanly wrong has the upper hand in the count than any natural disaster. On the other hand, 13% respondents stated humanly mistakes are actually occurred when sudden weather situations had gone rough. Hence for they disagree with the fact that, humanly errors are more reasonable cause in an aviation accident instead of natural causes.

Qualitative survey:

There is a qualitative survey has been done with 3 managers of Aerotech engineering. Those are maintenance manager, mechanical examiner, and field manager. There are 4 questions has been asked to them. This question will help to gather the knowledge of problem of aviation as well as remedy of these problems.

1. What do you think, nature or human who is the reason behind most of the cases of aircraft aviation accidents?

Manager 1	“I think, human is the reason behind most of cases. See, according to last aviation incident records most of the accidents occurred due to humanely wrong ”
Manager 2	“As the nature isn’t out hand, only think we can blame that is humanely errors and violations of rules by pilots.”
Manager 3	“Some time nature may be cruel on us. However, from previous records we can see that some wrong decisions by pilots or mechanical examiner lead the aircraft toward disaster.  ”

 

2. Do you think Thunderstorm can be a reason of crashing aircraft?

Manager 1	“An experience pilot always knows, its way out of storm. If the aircraft fly high above then the turbulent cloud”
Manager 2	“Passengers can hear loud noise of thunder cracking but if the thunder strikes the plane it won’t cause any damage to plane engine of any other sensitive part as it is strike proof.  ”
Manager 3	“Thunder can be dangerous if the pilot does not have any experience of flying in the thunderstorm and gets nervous. In that case, any wrong decision can lead the aircraft to the disaster. However, thunder on an averagely strike a plan in once a year. Fly above the troposphere  reduce the chances of striking  ”

 

3. Mechanical or any kind of system malfunction, can be a cause of air aviation accident?

Manager 1	“Unfortunately but yes. Malfunction of any major equipment like propeller, wind blade, even radar can lead a craft to accident”
Manager 2	“System malfunction can be handled some times. But whenever engines fails or the flight calculative system can’t provide the right reading of fuel, it can be a matter of sweating in fear. However those examined and checked properly by professional before any flight takes off”
Manager 3	“Systems are meant to keep the flight flying in the sky. Any kind of malfunction can disturb the flying purpose.”

 

4. What you think a pilot practical training session is mandatory apart from their educational period?

Manager 1	“Yes it should. However many of the airline companies has these kinds of policies. A pilot’s decision making, applied intelligence everything matter in the time of flying.”
Manager 2	“A pilot is the only one who has been looked after whenever a flight takes off. It is pilot’s duty to maintain every rule of flying without any violation. So practical training session is indeed important”
Manager 3	“A pilot should have every kind of experience of every situation during the aviation. Thus training session or internship these things will help a pilot to improve his skills in flying. ”

 

Secondary Data analysis:

Here this data collection is classified in to two themes;

THEME 1: Disaster caused by humanely error:

Here, through various journal, previous crash studies, craft aviation accidents report. Then the data gathered, shows that the 50% of aircraft aviation accidents are occurred due to pilot’s error. If the pilots have, any kind of trauma due to bad weather or due to any unwanted circumstance and this psychological breakdown lead him to do error in his flying. However, sometimes some wrong decision by the pilot lead the aircraft to the disaster. On the other hand, Van Den Brink et al. (2017), from various case studies, it has been possible to know type of equipment failure, negligence in maintenance, problem in air traffic control can lead the aircraft to the disaster at any moment. These are also considering as a humanely error in case of aircraft aviation accidents.

THEME 2: Disaster caused by Nature:

According to various case studies from previous five year, journals, and news reports, it has been seen that almost 10% of aircraft aviation accidents occurred due to natural calamity. Case studies from several regions show the statistics that every year there is one flight, which is sabotaged by thunderstorm. However, in some of the report shows some craft wing got broken due to high pressure of wind.

Sometimes propeller malfunctions also occurred due to high wind or anything hit the propeller blade. Although, the rate of environmental accidents is very low, but the journal shows that the disaster occurred due to natural calamity can be a cursed, no matter what ever the cautions are taken (Zhu et al. 2016).

Project Reflection:

As per the survey has been done, from data one can have a clear perspective of aircraft aviation problem. The 15 respondents have clearly shown their view about why and how an aircraft have faced the aviation incidents. On the other hand, i have noted from the study that, their views about what kind of majors should be taken to avoid any kind of aircraft aviation accident

Apart from the respondents’ data, there has a qualitative analysis also done with 3 managers. Being an engineer, of Aerotech Engineering, it is important to have manager’s views about this topic of research.

From these data, one can consider that system up gradation and examination on daily basis is mandatory for any aircraft engineering industry. The professionalism and experience in this industry is highly required. Throughout the research, process, with several questions every respondent has mentioned that, starting from any major part to every minor system needs proper examination and attention before any aviation. Those were open-ended question, which were asked to them, hence for, the data I have gathered is statistical and relatively more relatable to the issues.

These findings from the gathered data will help the examination and the pilot team to get special concern about their work. These data will lead them to highlighted areas when more attention is needed.

In the engineering context these research gives an introduction to terminologies, which has been used, in aero engineering field. In addition, I have to go through almost every aircraft accident via study through this research.

From this research, the system examination and type of malfunctions are cleared on every perspective.

The data help to find some ways of reduce the air aviation incidents with some effective methods and recommendations.

Grant chart, logbook

PPT

Introduction

As per the investigation, it is cleared that there are several reason behind any kind of aircraft aviation accidents. It these causes can be humanely errors or the nature.

The form the data analysis it has shown that these preseason are categorized. However, being an engineer in Aerotech engineering in this presentation the engineer’s perspective has been reflected.

The separation of division in malfunction has been discussed in this presentation; on the other hand, there is a discussion about our targeted audience and the method of communication.

Not only is the finding of the reasons behind every aircraft aviation accident, but also the outcome of conclusion very much needed in this sector.  The terminology and practice of majors are taken as the causation factors are also discussed in this presentation. There is discussion about the chosen method communication in which the audience are going to get the awareness about the sensitive issues of aircraft aviation accidents, cause several life are on take in every takeoff.

Kinds of Malfunction Occurred with Respect to Investigation Report

The data which has been collected from the respondents, introduced me with several kind of malfunction occurred in an aircraft aviation accident.

Whenever, any system, whether it is mechanical or electrical or manual, do not play it role or purpose effectively or have some issues in performing its role or purpose then its call system malfunction.

This malfunction happened in aircraft machines or may happen to software system. However, based on the records of investigation, aircraft aviation accidents not only take place due to malfunctions. These aircraft aviation accidents can be caused by the followings reasons, as well.

Table 1: Causes of accident in aviation
(Source: faa.gov 2019)

According to previous accident data analysis, it has shown that equipment failure is the next reason after pilot error. The pilot’s error or violation as the reason behind aircraft aviation is 40%; wrong making of decision or any situational bad move can lead a pilot and his craft toward disaster. After that 23% of the plane crashes has been happened due to equipment malfunction. However, on the views of Sumwalt (2015), air traffic control malfunction can also be a cause of air aviation accident this is also a kind of malfunction. However sometime weather cheated on the weather forecast system, it is also a kind of malfunction of that system. There are several other kinds of malfunction are exist as well.

• Engine malfunction or engine shut down can be occurred.
• Propeller malfunction can be happened.
• If fuel system does not work properly then there some malfunction can be happened in fuel indicator.
• Cockpit has several warning lights; it can also have some electrical malfunction.
• Even the radar sometimes can have some miscalculation in air traffic control.
• However, there are several other kinds of engine and software malfunctions.
  • Inertial reference system (IRS)
  • Space shuttle thermal protection system malfunctions.
  • Craft material malfunction
  • Power transmission shaft malfunction
  • Wing or tail strike malfunction etc.

This are the several kinds of malfunction had investigated during previous aircraft aviation accidents.

Reasons of Malfunctions with Respect To Investigation Report

As per the data has been gathered and analysed from previous aircraft aviation accidents it has shown, that there are several kinds of reasons and malfunctions are caused those accidents. However, 50% of them were pilots wrong doing. In bad weather situation, either out of anxiety or panic errors and violations has been done by the pilots. As per, the following table,

Table 2: Pilot’s error in aviation
(Source: faa.gov 2019)

However, in case of equipment malfunction there are several examples as well. As per example, Adam Air Flight 574, 1st January 2007 in this plane there occurred inertial reference system (IRS) malfunction. Hence, for the flight drive in to high-speed mode and are crashed. As per the data, one can see that, 23% of aircraft crashes are happened due to equipment malfunction.

Table 3: Equipment Failure in aviation
(Source: faa.gov 2019)

As the malfunctions, there are several reasons also behind it,

• Engine failure: engine failure can have several corresponding issues. Like there may be some turbine problem, the fuel oil leakage, engine shaft problem as well.
  However, engine malfunction can be happened due to some external factors also, where engine body material can be fragile or rusted or the fuel tank is leaked of broken.
• Propeller malfunction: whenever anything like some bird or something hit with the propeller and propeller blade can be broken or get into the fire.
• When the fuel system had some electrical problem then it can miscalculate the fuel measurement. Which also lead the pilot to the wrong calculation of fuel management and it can be cause of air aviation accident.
• Any kind of electrical malfunction cans a reason of cockpit warning lights malfunction.
• Whenever the radar has some issues, it can lead the air traffic controlling team to miscalculation of air traffic, which can also be the reason behind accident.
• In an airplane or aircraft, there is several kind of power shaft, those are Propeller shaft, engine shaft, wing blade, tail strike, landing wheel shaft. Any kind of malfunction in this shaft cause by martial, elasticity or anything can lead the aircraft to the moment of disaster.
• However, airplane runs on several software also. IRS system. This system also can malfunction due to any electrical problem or by some kind of virus attack.

Caution of Malfunctions with Respect To Investigation Report

According to previous case studies, 25th May 2002 China Airlines Flight 611, 12th November 2001 American Airlines Flight 587,1st January 2007 Adam Air Flight 574 these all flights crashed due to several kinds of malfunction, whether it is electrical, mechanical, or instrumental malfunction.

Table 4: Accidents according to regions
(Source: faa.gov 2019)

According, to the studies, these kinds of malfunctions can be prevented by proper cautions and majors. These are as follows,

• There should be training session for pilots for handling several unwanted situations apart from their educational training. They should also have some software and hardware training about aircraft. As per the studies, it has shown that pilot’s wrongdoing and violation of rules leaded the craft to the disaster. It has investigated that they did this kind of mistakes out of fear on anxiety about getting into wrong situation. However, to prevent these kind of scenarios there should be a psychological training session for the pilots as well.
• To prevent engine malfunction it is importance for the maintain tuff to take care of the engine daily routine wise. Engine oil, pipe, turbines, pistons, shafts even the body of the engine should be checked properly.
• To prevent any kind of electrical malfunction, the batteries, alternator, generator system basics, popped circuit breaker, IFS should be checked properly schedule wise, even before take-off. These conversed battery malfunction can cause the land wheel function improper which can lead the plane to crash. However, alternator should be checked properly to otherwise it will have its effects on batteries and damage it.
• Aircraft structural damage can also be a cause of aircraft crash, as example Chalk’s Ocean Airways Flight 101 crashed on 19 December 2005. The cause of the accident was that the wing of the craft broke down due to metal fatigue. That is why to proper examine of the aircraft structure when it in hangar. Regular maintenance and examination can reduce this kind of possibility.

Communication Methods for Awareness

For the topic like this, to spread its awareness, toward every staff of Aerotech engineering needs a strategic awareness campaign. An awareness campaign is a camp where one selected its targeted audience. Set a method of communication, then sets a topic, thereafter as per the communication make the audience educated about the topic.

As per the matter of spreading awareness to the targeted audience, it can be done by several communication methods.

1. Meeting and discussion: in this method the speaker invites the target audience to  have a meeting with them, in this meeting the speaker clear his topic, its aims and objectives, and elaborate the process in which he wants to draw the people’s attention. In this communication the speaker may present several types of demonstration with presentations
2. Notices and leaflet: here in this method the speaker all his thoughts though notice and poster and leaflets and sticks them on a certain section of notice board where everyone can see those. In this scenario audience, get the views of the speaker through his writing.
3. Texting or Emails: In this method of communication, the speaker sends an official awareness mail to every audience individual. Hence, the audience gets to know about that topic through their emails or texts.
4. Training sessions: this method is quite as like meeting and discussion method but the training session is very much lengthy process of communication. If any topic is vast and need proper time to elaborate the audience then the method of training has been used to spread awareness.
5. Internal communication: In corporate communication, internal communication is also a way of spreading awareness. The head of the team participates in the communication through any medium. Thereafter, he spread the awareness among the teammates. In this method of communication, the awareness spreads through pyramid manner (Di Sante, 2015).

Justification of Chosen Method to Influence Audience

Here I use the method of “Meeting and discussion”. The main agenda of spreading awareness is to make people sincerer about their duty. Hence, the method of meeting with stuff of Aerotech engineering will be enough to demonstrate them the importance of maintenance, as well as the reasons of air aviation accidents, which I have investigated, from the previous study.

Through the method I give them a presentation with PPT. through this PPT I demonstrated them the kind of malfunctions occurred during the air aviation. I also make them aware of the reasons behind these malfunctions and wrong occurring. Then I discuss with them about the possible cautions and some recommended some possible majors to taken off.

This method of discussion also helps me to connect with their views. It helps the research topic also. Through this method, I can elaborate cautions properly. With any other method, like through notice or emails, this elaboration would be improper. Whether they actually get aware of the topic or not this had been a doubt to me. However, through this method their response also had been cleared to me.

On the other hand, in training session, the awareness spreading process would have been too much lengthy. People may have elaborated knowledge through this training session but the work time will be hampered due to this method. On the other hand, internal communication would be a way to spread awareness about aircraft aviation process. This method of communication in Aerotech engineering also can be fruitful, but the response from the audience and their views would not be gathered through this method.

Conclusion

As the case analysis, it is cleared that apart from natural issues the main reason behind aircraft aviation accident is human error and violation of laws. There are 50% of aircraft accidents occurred due to pilot’s error, and 23% of aircraft accidents occurred due to equipment malfunctions. On the other hand, aircraft accident due to natural reasons occurred only 10% of cases. Hence, we can realize that the need of awareness among the stuffs that are associate with any kind of maintenance of aircraft, whether it is engine maintenance, or circuit maintenance or any kind of software maintenance. Everybody do their part of job every sincerely.

Even the pilots should have proper training sessions. Thought 50% of aircraft accidents occurred due to pilot’s error so there should be a physiological training session as well to increase their metal strength. However, the material testing should be proper. Any kind of structural fault can lead the craft to the disaster, so meteorological awareness should be very advance and accurate. With these steps and majors, we can have a future with fewer chances of aviation accidents.

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